A tiny rash, which is often hard to see, can be a sign of a little-known condition which increases the risk of cancer. Lichen sclerosus affects people of all ages, including children.

However it is more common in women over 50. And people of all skin colours can develop it. According to the NHS: “Lichen sclerosus is a skin condition that causes itchy white patches, most commonly on the genitals. There’s no cure, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms.”

One mum, Ellie, first spotted she had it with a “tiny white rash” on her breast. When it didn’t go away she saw a doctor who immediately referred her to a consultant.

“I was told I was lucky my doctor was ‘on the ball’ as most wouldn’t have picked up on it as it wasn’t where you would normally find the rash,” said the mum of two. “When I saw the consultant he immediately realised what it was and further checks found I had it elsewhere on my body.

“It was on my vulva but I had no idea as at the time I had no other symptoms. Since then they have developed but I can keep them at bay with cream. I’ve been told to keep an eye on it but it is really hard to spot because of where it is.”

It is not known what triggers the condition but one thought is that it could be the body’s immune system, which defends against infection, mistakenly attacking and damaging your skin. Research has also shown there could be a genetic link.

However it is not not caused by an infection nor is it contagious meaning you cannot spread it to other people through close contact, including sex. It is also not caused by poor personal hygiene, says the NHS.

Symptoms

Lichen sclerosus causes patches on the skin. The NHS advises there are usually:

• itchy
• white
• smooth or crinkled
• easily damaged – they may bleed or hurt if rubbed or scratched

The patches can appear anywhere. However they are most often on the:

• area around the opening to the vagina (vulva) and anus
• foreskin and end of the penis

Having sex can be painful because the vulva may shrink or tighten. In men, the foreskin may tighten making erections painful.

The NHS adds: ” Lichen sclerosus cannot be cured, but using a strong prescription steroid ointment usually helps relieve the symptoms.”

The condition can be painful and uncomfortable but worse it can lead to cancers including of the vulva, penis and anus. While none of these are common figures show there were 1,401 new cases of vulval cancer in 2017-2019 plus 761 penile cancers and 1,557 anal cancers – with a variety of causes.

The NHS warns: “Lichen sclerosus increases your risk of getting cancer on your vulva, penis or anus. The risk is low, but it’s a good idea to check yourself regularly and see a GP if you’re worried.

“Symptoms to look for include a lump, a change in skin texture, such as thickening, or an ulcer that does not go away.”