Solar Minigrid Illuminates Goma Neighborhood, Provides Model for Congo

GOMA – Street lights erase the shadows where attackers once hid. Noisy, polluting diesel generators have gone silent. New businesses are taking root.

In various neighborhoods of Goma, where nearly no one had access to electricity just five years ago, a small solar power grid now brings a glimmer of hope in the midst of widespread poverty and the city’s recent violent occupation by Congolese rebels.

Supporters see it as a model that could successfully light up areas across the Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere, where conflict and poverty have long kept electricity out of reach, by harnessing renewable energy to aid those most affected by climate change.

“I recall the first evening we switched on the public street lights, and spontaneous celebrations erupted in the streets, with people exiting their homes to sing and dance with our team,” said Jonathan Shaw, CEO of Nuru, the power company he co-founded. “Observing the impact on the community … the way it restored their dignity and worth because someone chose to invest in their lives, communities, and homes is incredibly touching.”

That was in 2020, three years after Shaw, a former teacher, and Congolese partner Archip Lobo Ngumba built the DRC’s first commercial solar minigrid in the small town of Beni in Congo’s North Kivu province. Provincial officials then asked them to consider Goma, near the Rwandan border, where only a small fraction of the population had access to electricity — usually from diesel-powered generators, Shaw said.

With investor backing, Nuru built the 1.3-megawatt minigrid — interconnected last year with a hydropower grid in Virunga National Park, north of Goma, to bolster resilience — that together power phone and internet service and a private company that pumps, treats and distributes water. Other customers include a large grain mill, phone-charging stations, a small movie theater and even residents “just plugging in a little fridge and … selling cold beer on the street,” Shaw said.

“You’re just seeing every level of ingenuity and scale,” he said. “It’s been overwhelming how effective that’s been … far beyond what I could have imagined.”

Tradespeople said they spend significantly less than before, when they used diesel generators.

“With generators, we spent about $15 a day if we worked a lot. Now with Nuru, it’s $10 daily and the electricity is better because there’s no breakdown requiring costly repairs,” said welder Mahamudu Bitego, who lives in the Ndosho neighborhood.

And residents say they feel safer since Nuru installed street lights in Ndosho.

“No one can hide under trees anymore,” said Choma Choma Mayuto Banga. “If someone suspicious is hiding, we can spot them and escape.”

Protecting the grid

Working in conflict zones can be risky, but Nuru says its experience in Goma underscores how beneficial electricity is in these areas.

Last year, unexploded grenades left from past conflicts were found on the Nuru site and one detonated, damaging solar panels. Then early this year, Goma was seized by Rwandan-backed M23 militia in an attack that killed almost 3,000 people, according to United Nations estimates.

Nuru’s electricity kept flowing while power in other areas went down, a fact Shaw believes testifies to its importance to residents, who he said guarded the solar farm’s gates to ensure nobody looted or destroyed the panels.

“The only lights in the city, the only thing powering water and connectivity was our infrastructure,” Shaw said. “It felt worth the whole project just to be there in … some of the darkest moments in people’s lives and to be something they could rely on when nothing else was working.”

Nuru’s solar panels have occasionally been struck by stray bullets during gunfire, said Alain Byamungu Chiruza, Nuru’s senior director of business development. “But in general…our panels are safe because the community understands that (they are) for their own good.”

Expansion plans

The Goma experience highlights the advantages of decentralized or standalone power grids, making it a logical blueprint for population centers in the rest of the country, where the electrification rate is roughly 20%, according to the company.

Nuru is building another 3.7-megawatt plant in Goma, which is about 70% complete but currently on hold due to the security situation. The company aims to serve 10 million Congolese by the end of 2030.

“We just feel like this could scale really rapidly and have an incredible impact in Congo and beyond,” said Shaw.

About 565 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa lack electricity — representing about 85% of the global population without power. This makes off-grid solar power a “cornerstone of Africa’s energy future,” especially in rural areas, said Stephen Kansuk, the United Nations Development Programme’s regional technical advisor for Africa.

It’s scaling up rapidly and an initiative by the World Bank and African Development Bank is expected to provide off-grid solar electricity access to about 150 million people by 2030, helping to power health clinics, schools and more, he said.

“Solar energy is…a powerful instrument for climate adaptation and resilience,” Kansuk said. “Communities facing the brunt of climate change — droughts, floods, heat waves — are often the same ones with limited or no access to reliable electricity.”

Social value

Nuru investors — including the Schmidt Family Foundation, started by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt — believe that renewable energy infrastructure is viable even in politically unstable areas like Goma, Shaw said. People in such regions are often the least likely to have electricity, but are highly vulnerable to harms from climate change, intensified by the burning of fossil fuels like coal and natural gas.

The company also sells Peace Renewable Energy Credits, or P-RECs, to companies like Microsoft. These credits are verified as originating from a fragile, conflict-affected region and, though more expensive than traditional renewable energy credits, they increase buyers’ social and environmental impact by helping to build renewable energy infrastructure in areas that have been underserved.

By channeling money to such areas, P-RECs “offer a rare convergence of climate action, development and peacebuilding — a triple win,” said the U.N.’s Kansuk.

They also have the potential to help transform communities in many areas around the world, and offer a way for corporations to support social stability, said Elizabeth Willmott, an independent consultant and former director of Microsoft’s carbon program.

“If a corporation’s already going to purchase renewable energy outside of their direct grid, the perspective is why not also support social and economic impact in communities that need it most,” she said.

Shaw believes Nuru has built goodwill in Congo with its initial projects to drive transformation.

“Unfortunately, Congo is very much a place where a lot of people come in with big promises,” he said. “I think people see that we’re not just throwing something up to get a light bulb turned on. We’re really building infrastructure that lasts for a generation.”

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Webber reported from Fenton, Michigan.

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