According to the NHS, the earliest stage of dementia is often termed “mild cognitive impairment”. As such, there could be subtle changes that affect everyday behaviour, including the way someone reads. If you have always been a prolific reader, but suddenly find it hard to concentrate, it might be a sign of impending dementia.

This is because the NHS says “difficulty concentrating” is one of the earliest symptoms of mild cognitive impairment. Additional signs of mild cognitive impairment can include mood changes, being confused about time and place, and struggling to follow a conversation or to find the right word.

The condition may also cause difficulty with carrying out familiar daily tasks, such as getting confused over the correct change when shopping, and memory loss.

“These symptoms are often mild and may get worse only very gradually,” the NHS notes.

“It’s often termed ‘mild cognitive impairment’ (MCI) as the symptoms are not severe enough to be diagnosed as dementia.”

Some people who have MCI will go on to develop dementia, which is “not a natural part of ageing”.

Anybody showing signs of MCI are advised to speak to a doctor to stay ahead of dementia, should it develop.

Alzheimer’s disease

One of the most common forms of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which can lead to the following symptoms:

• Memory problems, such as regularly forgetting recent events, names and faces
• Asking questions repetitively
• Increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require organisation and planning
• Becoming confused in unfamiliar environments
• Difficulty finding the right words
• Difficulty with numbers and/or handling money in shops
• Becoming more withdrawn or anxious

Treating dementia

While there is no cure for dementia, medication can help with progressive symptoms.

For Alzheimer’s disease, the most common medications prescribed include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine.

In those with mild to moderate dementia, cognitive stimulation therapy has shown some benefits.

Cognitive stimulation therapy involves group activities that are designed to improve memory, problem-solving skills and language ability.

Reminiscence work, with the use of personal photos and music, can also help to improve the mood of the person who is suffering from dementia.

There is also growing evidence that diet can influence your chances of getting dementia.