As the winter season approaches, the NHS has released advice on curbing the flu’s spread. The influenza virus can persist on surfaces and hands for up to “24 hours,” posing a risk of transmission.

Influenza, or flu, is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. It manifests with symptoms such as sudden fever, muscle pain, headaches, a relentless dry cough, and extreme tiredness, which differentiate it from a common cold. Recent statistics indicate that, last week, an average of 2,924 patients with flu were hospitalized daily across England. This figure marks a 9% rise from the previous week.

Taking precautions to avoid catching or spreading the flu is therefore essential. The NHS emphasizes: “Flu is highly contagious and can be easily transmitted to others.”

“The likelihood of spreading the virus is highest within the first five days. Flu spreads through germs from coughs and sneezes, which can survive on hands and surfaces for up to 24 hours.”

To reduce the flu’s spread, the NHS suggests frequent handwashing using warm water and soap, which can also help prevent initial infection. Additional preventive measures include:

• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze (if you do not have a tissue, cough or sneeze into the bend of your elbow, not into your hand)
• Bin used tissues as quickly as possible
• Try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people if you have a high temperature or you do not feel well enough to do your normal activities

Moreover, the NHS advocates for eligible individuals to receive the winter flu vaccine. This vaccine is available at no cost to those at greater risk of severe illness, aiming to further decrease the chances of contracting the virus.

Eligibility includes:

• Being 65 or older (including those turning 65 by 31 March 2026)
• Having certain chronic health conditions
• Being pregnant
• Residing in a care home
• Being the primary carer for an elderly or disabled person, or receiving a carer’s allowance
• Living with someone who has a compromised immune system

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The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) also provides advice on how to reduce your risk of catching or spreading the virus:

• Get vaccinated if you are eligible
• Stay at home if you are feeling unwell
• Open a window for fresh air when meeting people indoors, but be mindful of room temperature and anyone who might be sensitive to the cold
• Cough into your bent elbow, or use a tissue and dispose of it afterwards in the nearest bin
• Wash your hands frequently with warm water and soap
• Regularly clean your surroundings, especially areas that are touched frequently such as door handles
• Wear a mask when you are unwell and need to go out

For more information about the flu vaccine, visit the NHS website here.