With winter illnesses on the rise in the UK, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is recommending that individuals consider wearing face masks.

This advisory has prompted many to wonder how to tell the difference between Covid-19, the flu, and a common cold, and what level of concern is warranted as the colder season approaches.

Dr. Babak Ashrafi from Superdrug Online Doctor notes that distinguishing between these illnesses can be difficult since their symptoms often overlap.

Nonetheless, being able to identify subtle differences and knowing when to seek testing can help protect both yourself and those around you.

So, how can you tell the difference between flu and Covid?

According to Dr. Ashrafi, the only definitive way to diagnose these illnesses is through testing. However, he mentions that Covid-19 is more likely to result in a loss or change of taste and smell, persistent fatigue, muscle aches, and occasionally shortness of breath.

In comparison, flu symptoms usually develop abruptly—you may feel well one day and utterly exhausted the next. Common signs include a high fever, chills, headaches, and body aches.

Colds, which are generally milder, usually manifest “above the neck”, causing a runny nose, sneezing, and a sore throat.

How concerned should we be about flu and Covid this winter?

“Both flu and Covid can make you extremely unwell, particularly for older adults or individuals with pre-existing health conditions, the risks are significantly higher,” warns Dr Ashrafi.

“We’re likely to witness both viruses circulating simultaneously this winter, which not only puts a strain on healthcare but also increases the likelihood of contracting one infection whilst still recuperating from the other.”

However, he adds: “The good news is that vaccines, good hygiene, and small protective measures can considerably lower your risk.”

How can I avoid catching flu and Covid?

“Simple steps can have a significant impact,” advises Dr Ashrafi.

“Keeping up to date with your flu jab and Covid vaccination is one of the most effective methods of self-protection. Regular hand washing, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when feeling unwell all contribute to reducing spread.”

He adds: “In crowded indoor environments, wearing a mask provides an additional layer of protection. These minor habits not only protect you but also help safeguard vulnerable individuals during the peak winter illness season.”

While flu, Covid, and colds may initially present similar symptoms, recognising key differences and timely testing can aid in understanding what you’re dealing with.

This winter, a combination of vaccinations, hygiene practices, and simple precautions can play a crucial role in maintaining the health of yourself and others.