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Dementia is a progressive condition affecting the brain, resulting in symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, and difficulties in speech. While genetics can play a role in some forms, lifestyle choices are also crucial in influencing the chances of developing this neurological disorder.
Experts from Dementia UK have identified several scientifically-supported strategies to reduce the risk of dementia, highlighting an often-overlooked factor: air pollution. Studies indicate that long-term exposure to polluted air can increase the risk of dementia, as well as other health issues affecting the lungs and heart. Individuals with wood-burning stoves or open fires in or near their homes might face an elevated risk.
To help minimise this danger, the specialists advised: “At home, you can reduce air pollution by avoiding using wood-burning stoves and open fires.”
Wood-burning stoves are still allowed in the UK, albeit under strict regulations. Recent studies from University College London have revealed that indoor wood burning may have harmful effects similar to cigarette smoking.
Managing air quality outside the home can be more difficult, but even small changes while driving or walking can make a significant difference.
The experts stated: “In the car, keep your windows closed, particularly on busy roads and in slow-moving traffic. For those who exercise outdoors, reducing exposure by choosing less trafficked routes or going out earlier in the day when roads are quieter can help.”
Engaging in regular physical activity is a well-known approach for those looking to reduce their risk of dementia, cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, and other health conditions.
The NHS advises achieving a combined total of 150 minutes weekly through pursuits such as walking/hiking, yoga, swimming, running, cycling, fitness classes and team sports.
Contaminated air may heighten dementia risk by sparking inflammation in the brain and oxidative stress while potentially harming the heart and blood vessels, which could diminish blood circulation to the brain.
Should pollution particles succeed in escaping the bloodstream and entering the brain, this can also disrupt the brain’s capacity to eliminate waste, resulting in an accumulation of proteins recognised as being connected to Alzheimer’s. Smoking has a similar impact, as it has been associated with dementia progression and can harm the heart and blood vessels.
Dementia UK specialists noted: “If you smoke, it is important to try to stop. Your GP can tell you what support is available, and there is advice on the NHS website, including a free ‘Quit smoking’ app.”
The link between air pollution and dementia is still under investigation, but a recent study discovered that dogs residing in cities with high levels of air pollution exhibited a consistent accumulation of pollutants from their nasal passages to their frontal cortex. This implies that the nose could be a gateway for these pollutants.
The study identified pollutants such as Nitrogen Dioxide as potential risk factors for dementia. The researchers advocated for policy changes to tackle air pollution, which could potentially alleviate the global impact of dementia.
