Experts have identified two signs of dementia that may manifest during nighttime hours, offering crucial insights into the progression of the condition. As dementia advances, these nocturnal symptoms can become increasingly pronounced.

Dementia, a syndrome characterized by a group of related symptoms, signifies a continuous decline in brain function. While some symptoms are well-known, others may go unnoticed, particularly those that occur at night. The Alzheimer’s Society highlights two such symptoms that become more evident as dementia advances.

These nighttime indicators include wandering and sleep disturbances. According to the charity, restlessness is a prevalent issue among individuals with dementia. “It is not uncommon for those affected to appear as if they’re searching for someone or something,” the organization notes.

Furthermore, individuals may find themselves pacing around their home or even venturing outside during both day and night. The Alzheimer’s Society adds that insomnia or difficulty sleeping can lead to increased nighttime activity, with those affected frequently walking during the late hours due to their restless state.

Walking about

The charity said that restlessness is “very common” in people with dementia. It said: “Sometimes the person may seem to be searching for someone or something. 

“They may start walking repeatedly around at home or leaving the house during the day or night.” It continued: “The person you are caring for may walk a lot during the night if they have difficulty sleeping.  

“This is common in older people and is particularly common in people with dementia. You can do simple things to try to help them sleep. For example, encourage them to develop a routine when going to bed at night. It may help if they avoid daytime naps, caffeinated drinks, and alcohol.” 

Sleep problems

Sleep issues might occur as a person’s body clock becomes disrupted. The society said: “As well as disruption to their body clock, a person with dementia may sleep more in the day and have difficulty sleeping at night.”

It continued: “A person with dementia experiences physical changes in their brain because of their condition. These changes can affect how much, and how well they sleep.

“A person with dementia may have problems with sleeping at night, and may sleep more during the day. They may find it difficult to get to sleep or they may wake up in the night. The person you care for may not feel well-rested when they wake up.

“Over time, if these problems happen often, poor sleep may make the symptoms of dementia worse. You may find this difficult to cope with.”

To help support someone with dementia who has sleeping issues, the charity recommended you:

• Treat any underlying causes such as pain or medications
• Keep a routine
• Take them outside in the daytime to get natural light
• Engage them in fun physical activities in the day
• Avoid giving them caffeine
• Avoid cigarettes and alcohol
• Avoid them being too hungry, thirsty, or full
• Make the bedroom sleep-friendly
• Reduce their screen time
• During the late evening, try calming and relaxing activities such as a bath or listening to calm music

If someone you know is experiencing symptoms of dementia, you should speak to a GP.