Medical experts are casting a spotlight on a disease that impacts one in every 20 individuals and is notoriously elusive when it comes to diagnosis. This condition often manifests through seemingly “mild” symptoms, allowing it to evade detection for extended periods. Research shows that, on average, it takes about 4.5 years to accurately diagnose this ailment.

In the UK, around 3.3 million people are affected by thyroid disorders, with women being six times more susceptible than men. The challenge in diagnosing these issues stems from the fact that their symptoms frequently mimic those of more common illnesses, making them easy to overlook.

A study by the University of Aberdeen shed light on this extended diagnostic process. Researchers examined data from nearly 1,200 patients, tracking their journey from the first appearance of symptoms to eventual diagnosis, treatment, and thereafter.

While the average time it takes to diagnose a thyroid condition is 4.5 years, the wait is often “considerably longer” for individuals suffering from hypothyroidism. According to The Mirror, nearly two-thirds of the study’s respondents had to endure multiple doctor visits and worsening symptoms before securing a diagnosis.

The findings from the 2023 study highlight the profound impact this condition has on the physical, mental, and emotional health of those affected. The report also pointed out that individuals with thyroid problems are more likely to experience prolonged sick leave and diminished work capability.

This raises important questions: What is the thyroid, exactly? What symptoms should prompt concern? And when is it prudent to seek medical advice?

What is the thyroid?

Your thyroid is an important endocrine gland that produces and releases specific hormones, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

It explains: “Your thyroid’s main job is to control your metabolism – how your body uses energy. Sometimes, your thyroid doesn’t work properly. These conditions are common and treatable.”

What is thyroid disease?

Thyroid disease serves as an umbrella term for disorders that impact how your thyroid operates. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism represent the two primary forms of thyroid disease.

However, they each have multiple potential causes. Thyroid diseases can be managed – typically through medication.

The two principal forms of thyroid disease are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). They each have several disorders that can trigger them including Hashimoto’s disease, Iodine deficiency, Graves’ disease and thyroid nodules.

What are the symptoms of thyroid disease?

The Cleveland Clinic outlines there are numerous signs of the condition. However, it warns: “Unfortunately, symptoms of a thyroid condition are often very similar to the signs of other medical conditions and stages of life. This can make it difficult to know if your symptoms are related to a thyroid issue or something else entirely.”

There are two primary categories – those linked to excessive thyroid hormone levels (hyperthyroidism) and those connected to insufficient thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism).

The clinic explains: “The symptoms are often “opposites” between the two conditions. This is because hyperthyroidism speeds up your metabolism, and hypothyroidism slows down your metabolism.”

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

Both conditions can cause an enlarged thyroid (goiter), but it’s more common in hyperthyroidism.

When to consult a doctor

The NHS advises you should visit a GP if you suspect you might have either an underactive or overactive thyroid. Whilst some of the signs are commonplace and may be triggered by other ailments, it’s crucial to have them examined by a GP.