A federal appeals court has halted the Trump administration’s efforts to expel individuals claimed to be Venezuelan gang members, utilizing an old wartime law. This decision was made on Tuesday.

The 5th U.S. Court of Appeals, through a 2-1 decision, prevented President Donald Trump’s use of the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 for deportations. The court ruled against the administration’s argument that members of the Venezuelan gang, Tren de Aragua, are involved in a militaristic invasion of the U.S.

“Our evaluation justifies a preliminary injunction to stop deportations, as we discern neither an invasion nor aggressive incursion,” the panel’s majority noted.

Lee Gelernt, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union specializing in immigrants’ rights, who advocated for the plaintiffs at the Supreme Court and the 5th Circuit, expressed approval of the ruling Tuesday evening.

“The court rightly impeded the Trump administration’s attempt to misuse a wartime statute to manage immigration during peace,” Gelernt remarked. “This verdict is a substantial triumph in limiting the administration’s perspective that it can proclaim an emergency without court oversight.”

In February, the State Department labeled Tren de Aragua as a terrorist organization, and by March, the White House accused the gang of “conducting irregular warfare and engaging in hostile actions against the U.S.,” including “mass illegal migration into the United States.”

In April, the Supreme Court halted the Trump administration’s plans to deport people alleged to be members of Tren de Aragua being held in Texas to El Salvador, saying they were given insufficient notice — 24 hours — under the right to due process.

The administration since implemented seven days’ notice of removal for similar situations, which the 5th Circuit said satisfied the time element needed for due process.

The 5th Circuit limited its ruling to the use of the Alien Enemies Act for removal and said it does not cover other legal means of removing “foreign terrorists.”

Judge Leslie Southwick, an appointee of President George W. Bush, and Judge Irma Ramirez, an appointee of President Joe Biden, voted in favor of the preliminary injunction that blocks use of the Alien Enemies Act.

Judge Andrew Oldham, a Trump appointee, voted against it and argued in a fiery dissent that Trump is subject to different guardrails from other presidents.

“His declaration of a predatory incursion is not conclusive,” Oldham said. “Far from it. Rather, President Trump must plead sufficient facts—as if he were some run-of-the mill plaintiff in a breach-of-contract case—to convince a federal judge that he is entitled to relief.”