DUBAI – In a significant development within the Islamic Republic, Mojtaba Khamenei, the son of Iran’s late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has been appointed as his successor. This decision comes in the wake of an Israeli airstrike that claimed the life of the 86-year-old Ayatollah along with Mojtaba’s wife, Zahra Haddad Adel, herself from a prominent theocratic family.

Despite never having held an elected or official governmental role, Mojtaba Khamenei had long been considered a potential heir to his father’s position. His ascension to the role of Supreme Leader places him at the helm of Iran’s war strategy, with the powerful Revolutionary Guard now reporting directly to him.

The announcement of Mojtaba’s appointment followed visible tensions among Iranian officials, with the decision resting on the shoulders of the 88-seat Assembly of Experts—a clerical body responsible for selecting the supreme leader.

Curiously, Mojtaba’s candidacy was indirectly highlighted by comments from U.S. President Donald Trump. In a recent interview with Axios, Trump criticized Khamenei’s son, labeling him a “lightweight” and emphasizing his desire to influence Iran’s leadership selection. “Khamenei’s son is unacceptable to me,” Trump remarked, calling for a leader who would foster “harmony and peace in Iran.”

The profile of Mojtaba Khamenei gained further prominence following the airstrike that made his father and wife martyrs in the eyes of Iran’s hard-liners. This tragic event has ironically bolstered his standing, despite earlier criticisms that his succession might echo the dynastic tendencies of Iran’s past monarchical regime.

The idea of having Mojtaba Khamenei replace his father had been criticized as potentially creating a theocratic version of Iran’s former hereditary monarchy. But his stock rose after his father and his wife were killed and became martyrs in the war against America and Israel in the eyes of hard-liners.

The younger Khamenei has gained control not only of an Iranian military now at war but also a stockpile of highly enriched uranium that could be used to build a nuclear weapon — should he choose to decree it.

Prior to his selection, Khamenei had occupied a similar role to that of Ahmad Khomeini, a son of Iran’s first Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini — “a combination of aide-de-camp, confidant, gatekeeper and power broker,” according to United Against Nuclear Iran, a U.S.-based pressure group.

Born into dissent

Born in 1969 in the city of Mashhad, some 10 years before the 1979 Islamic Revolution that would sweep Iran, Khamenei grew up as his father agitated against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

An official biography of Ali Khamenei’s recounts a moment when the shah’s secret police, the SAVAK, broke into their home and beat the cleric. Woken up after, Mojtaba and the rest of Khamenei’s children were told their father was going on vacation.

“But I told them, ‘There is no need to lie.’ I told them the truth,” the elder Khamenei was quoted as saying.

After the fall of the shah, Khamenei’s family moved to Tehran, Iran’s capital. Khamenei would go on to fight in the Iran-Iraq war with the Habib ibn Mazahir Battalion, a division of Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard that would see several of its members ascend to powerful intelligence positions within the force — likely with the backing of the Khamenei family.

His father became supreme leader in 1989 — and soon Mojtaba Khamenei and his family had access to the billions of dollars and business assets spread across Iran’s many bonyads, or foundations, funded from state industries and other wealth once held by the shah.

Power rises with his father’s

His own power rose alongside his father’s, working within his offices in downtown Tehran. U.S. diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks in the late 2000s began referring to the younger Khamenei as “the power behind the robes.” One recounted an allegation that Khamenei actually tapped his own father’s phone, served as his “principal gatekeeper” and had been forming his own power base within the country.

Khamenei “is widely viewed within the regime as a capable and forceful leader and manager who may someday succeed to at least a share of national leadership; his father may also see him in that light,” a 2008 cable read, also noting his lack of theological qualifications and age.

“Mojtaba is, however, due to his skills, wealth, and unmatched alliances, reportedly seen by a number of regime insiders as a plausible candidate for shared leadership of Iran upon his father’s demise, whether that demise is soon or years in the future,” it said.

Khamenei has worked closely with Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard, both with commanders of its expeditionary Quds Force and its all-volunteer Basij that violently suppressed nationwide protests in January, the U.S. Treasury has said.

The United States sanctioned him in 2019 during the first term of U.S President Donald Trump over working to “advance his father’s destabilizing regional ambitions and oppressive domestic objectives.”

That includes allegations that Khamenei from behind the scenes supported the election of hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005 and his disputed reelection in 2009 that sparked the Green Movement protests.

Mahdi Karroubi, who was a presidential candidate in 2005 and 2009, denounced Khamenei as “a master’s son” and alleged he interfered in both votes. His father reportedly at the time said Khamenei was “a master himself, not a master’s son.”

Powers of supreme leader at stake

There has been only one other transfer of power in the office of supreme leader of Iran, the paramount decision-maker since the country’s 1979 Islamic Revolution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini died at age 86 after being the figurehead of the revolution and leading Iran through its eight-year war with Iraq.

Now the new leader will come on board after the 12-day war with Israel and as a U.S.-Israeli war with Iran is seeking to eliminate Iran’s nuclear threat and military power, hoping also the Iranian people will rise up against the Iranian theocracy.

The supreme leader is at the heart of Iran’s complex power-sharing Shiite theocracy and has final say over all matters of state. He also serves as the commander-in-chief of the country’s military and the Guard, a paramilitary force that the United States designated a terrorist organization in 2019, and which his father empowered during his rule.

The Guard, which has led the self-described “Axis of Resistance,” a series of militant groups and allies across the Middle East meant to counter the U.S. and Israel, also has extensive wealth and holdings in Iran. It also controls the country’s ballistic missile arsenal.