The Supreme Court on Tuesday permitted President Donald Trump, at least temporarily, to proceed with plans aiming to reduce the workforce and restructure multiple government agencies.

This decision came after the court put an administrative hold on the case following a request from the Trump administration. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson was the only one to express disagreement in a written form.

The focus of the case is a ruling by U.S. District Judge Susan Illston from California, who in May stated that although the president has the authority to propose changes, there are certain restrictions when these changes are made extensively.

“Agencies may not conduct large-scale reorganizations and reductions in force in blatant disregard of Congress’s mandates, and a President may not initiate large-scale executive branch reorganization without partnering with Congress,” she wrote.

Follow live politics coverage here

The justices made clear Tuesday that their order is not about the legality of any individual agency reduction in force or reorganization plan, only the legality of Trump’s executive order and an administration memo related to workforce plans.

In her dissenting opinion, Jackson wrote, “this decision is not only truly unfortunate but also hubristic and senseless.”

The decision affects 19 federal agencies as well as the White House-adjacent Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and U.S. DOGE Service.

Solicitor General D. John Sauer said in court papers that Illston’s ruling is based on the “indefensible premise” that the president needs permission from Congress to carry out his duties as delineated in Article II of the Constitution.

“Controlling the personnel of federal agencies lies at the heartland of this authority,” he wrote. “The Constitution does not erect a presumption against presidential control of agency staffing, and the President does not need special permission from Congress to exercise core Article II powers.”

The legal challenge was brought by various unions and nonprofit groups, including the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, as well as certain local jurisdictions including the cities of Chicago and Baltimore.

Their lawyers said that if the court granted Trump’s request “statutorily required and authorized programs, offices, and functions across the federal government will be abolished” with some departments “radically downsized.” As such, they urged that the court allow the litigation to conclude before deciding whether Trump can implement his plan.

In a statement after Tuesday’s ruling, the coalition said the decision “has dealt a serious blow to our democracy and puts services that the American people rely on in grave jeopardy.”

“This decision does not change the simple and clear fact that reorganizing government functions and laying off federal workers en masse haphazardly without any congressional approval is not allowed by our Constitution,” they said.