The first day of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) hearings in Washington shed light on these findings, as investigators aim to understand the cause of the collision between the American Airlines plane from Wichita, Kansas, and the Black Hawk helicopter over Ronald Reagan National Airport.

The board initiated the three-day hearings by presenting an animation, along with audio and video from the night of the collision, and questioned witnesses and investigators about the roles that the Federal Aviation Administration and the Army might have played in the nation’s deadliest plane crash since November 2001.

It’s likely too early for the board to identify what caused the crash.

The January incident marked the start of a series of crashes and near misses that have raised concerns among officials and the traveling public, despite statistics confirming that flying remains the safest mode of transportation.

Animation, altimeter discrepancy

The hearing opened on Wednesday with a video animation showing where the helicopter and airliner were leading up to the collision.

The investigation revealed that the helicopter exceeded the 61-meter altitude limit on the helicopter route along the Potomac River before the collision with the plane occurred.

According to the investigators, the flight data recorder indicated that the helicopter was actually flying 24 to 30 meters higher than what the barometric altimeter, relied upon by the pilots, showed.

So the NTSB conducted tests on three other helicopters from the same unit in a flight over the same area and found similar discrepancies in their altimeters.

Dan Cooper, of Sikorsky helicopters, said that when the Black Hawk helicopter involved in the crash was designed in the 1970s, it used a style of altimeter that was common at the time.

Newer helicopters have air data computers that didn’t exist back then that help provide more accurate altitude readings.

Chief Warrant Officer Kylene Lewis told the board that she wouldn’t find a 24 metre to 30 metre discrepancy between the different altimeters on a helicopter alarming because at lower altitudes she would be relying more on the radar altimeter than the barometric altimeter.

Below 152 metres, Lewis said she would be checking both instruments and cross referencing them.

She said as long as an altimeter registers an altitude within 20 metres of the published altitude before takeoff the altimeter is considered accurate under the checklists.

But previously, NTSB Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy highlighted that the published helicopter routes around Washington DC would allow planes and helicopters to routinely come within 22 metres of each other during landing.

Army officials said on Wednesday that the flight manual for these older Black Hawks doesn’t highlight the discrepancies in altimeters that has been documented previously, but typical flight separations are at least 150 metres around airports.

Previously disclosed air traffic control audio had the helicopter pilot telling the controller twice that they saw the plane and would avoid it.

The animation ended with surveillance video showing the helicopter colliding with the plane in a fiery crash.

Investigations have already shown the FAA failed to recognise a troubling history of 85 near misses around Reagan airport in the years before the collision, and that the Army’s helicopters routinely flew around the nation’s capitol with a key piece of locating equipment, known as ADS-B Out, turned off.

Aviation lawyer Bob Clifford, who is working to file one of the first lawsuits against the government next month, said he hopes NTSB will look beyond the immediate factors that caused this crash to highlight the bigger ongoing concerns in the crowded Washington airspace.

Homendy said the hearings over the next few days will be a “fact-finding proceeding”.

The NTSB will also post thousands of pages of evidence from the crash investigation online.