Unsung Heroes: The Battalion of Non-Citizen Soldiers in Australia

In the remote northern reaches of Australia, the Anzac Day weekend stirs deep-rooted memories for local communities.

The Torres Strait Islands hold a significant place in history as the origin of Australia’s only all-Indigenous military unit.

Known as the Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion, nearly every eligible man in the area joined their ranks during the Second World War.

Over 800 Torres Strait Islander men—constituting one-fifth of the region’s 4,000 residents—volunteered to defend Australia’s northern frontier against Japanese forces in WWII.

This remarkable commitment represents the highest enlistment rate by population within the Commonwealth and marks the largest Indigenous unit ever assembled in Australia’s military history.

These men enlisted despite facing significantly unequal conditions.

They were not on the Commonwealth census, they didn’t have the right to vote, and were paid half the wage of other diggers.

On Saturday, the picturesque scenes on Waiben (Thursday Island) were the backdrop for a commemorative service that honoured that legacy.

‘Continuation of the warrior spirit’

An Anzac Day service held on Thursday Island’s Green Hill Fort — built in the late 1800s as part of Australia’s defence against a possible Russian invasion — is much more personal to the people of the Torres Strait Islands.

Some attendees wear warrior garments, which represent traditional warfare, known to have protected the surrounding sea country for thousands of years.

Warrant Officer and patrol master Troy Laza, who focuses on training and welfare for those currently serving in the Torres Strait, said the connection to wartime service is near-universal.

“There is a lot of pride — a lot of pride — because every single person can trace their family back to a serving member,” he said.

Laza points to something older still beneath that military history.

“The warrior spirit that lives in the Torres Strait has been here from times past and continues through to what we do now.”

Veteran and Wagadagam Tribal Elder, Gabriel Bani, said the Islands’ warrior and defence history is embedded into Anzac Day.

“The history of us as a people is that we come from a warrior race of people,” he said. “The protection of the region was an obligation that was carried out by each island community who were independent in their own right.”

“It’s an old nation that is accustomed or used to warfare and defence. For Anzac Day, we start looking at it in that context.”

A ‘forgotten’ story

Gabriel said the commemorative services on Thursday Island tell an often “forgotten” story.

“Without a voice, without equal pay or recognition — some made the ultimate sacrifice,” Elder Gabriel said.

Gabriel, who joined the army reserves in the 1980s, said the commemoration tells a story that remains poorly understood beyond the islands.

“It is very, very important not only for Torres Strait Islanders themselves but for the whole country,” he said. “But not many people know about our existence. We still bump into people today.”

He also takes the weekend to reflect on what he knows as the Frontier Wars: “They were wars that happened when we had contact with people coming in from the outside.”

Horn Island in the Torres Strait was the second most attacked location in Australia during the Second World War, behind Darwin.

Gabriel stresses all Anzac stories should be told in the “full context”.

“For young people, for school … so that people can see the truth, but people can also [have] genuine appreciation and understanding of a nation trying to form an identity now,” he said.

“I get emotional a lot … I cry a lot [at] Anzac Day ceremonies.”

Today, he continues his role as a tribal elder, cultural mentor and advisor, and wants the Torres Strait Islands’ wartime history to be a legacy known Australia-wide.

“To understand who they are, to know their story, I think that would be important,” he says.

“We say reconciliation, but I would rather say healing.”

Josh van Staden travelled to Thursday Island with support from the Pulitzer Center.

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