Amid intense battles in Syria, there is growing concern that Shamima Begum and other ISIS detainees might be released from their current confinement. Begum, who is 26, had her British citizenship revoked after she left London in 2015 to join the terrorist organization and is now detained at the al-Roj camp in northeast Syria. This camp is notorious for its dire living conditions and violence.

The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), responsible for overseeing al-Roj, also manage several other facilities where over 9,000 ISIS combatants and about 40,000 women and children are held. However, the SDF is facing significant challenges as it has recently lost much of its territory to forces supporting Syria’s president, Ahmed al-Sharaa.

Although a ceasefire was agreed upon yesterday between the conflicting forces, hostilities resumed today at three SDF-controlled detention centers. These facilities include al-Aqtan prison near Raqqa, another prison in Deir al-Zour, and one more in al-Shadadi town.

The SDF has been attempting to relocate ISIS prisoners to more secure locations, yet they have encountered difficulties in this effort. Meanwhile, video footage has surfaced, appearing to show numerous detainees escaping from the facility in Deir al-Zour, further escalating the situation.

But while both groups signed a ceasefire yesterday, fresh fighting broke out today around three SDF-controlled detention facilities: al-Aqtan prison near Raqqa, a prison in Deir al-Zour and another in the town of al-Shadadi.

The SDF said it was trying to transfer ISIS prisoners to ‘safe locations’, but had currently been unable to do so, while footage appeared to show dozens of detainees escaping from Deir al-Zour. 

Kamaran Palani, from the London School of Economics Middle East Centre, said the potential release of ISIS detainees could see the group return to posing a ‘huge regional threat’. 

Shamima Begum was stripped of her British citizenship after leaving London to join ISIS 

Syrian government troops celebrating today after clearing the SDF from Raqqa 

The SDF described the unrest as a ‘highly dangerous development’.

‘The level of threat is escalating significantly, amid attempts by these factions to reach the prison and seize control of it,’ the group said in a statement.

‘Such actions could lead to serious security repercussions that threaten stability and open the door to a return of chaos and terrorism.’

Today’s developments follow renewed concerns Ms Begum could be allowed to return to the UK after European judges came to the ISIS bride’s defence. 

The Londoner was 15 when she and two friends travelled from Bethnal Green to Syria to join Islamic State. 

Ms Begum, who married an ISIS fighter and had children, was found in a Syrian refugee camp in 2019 and her citizenship was immediately revoked by then-home secretary Sajid Javid on national security grounds, kickstarting her lengthy legal challenge.

But earlier this month, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) formally asked the Home Office whether it broke human rights and anti-trafficking laws – after Begum was stripped of her UK citizenship.

The latest intervention has sparked a major backlash, with Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood vowing to defend the Government’s decision at the time.

Conservative MP and Shadow Home Secretary Chris Philp said he would ask Ms Mahmood for guarantees in the House of Commons that Begum will not be allowed back.

Syrian government forces gathering near al-Aqtan prison near Raqqa, where they have been besieging SDF forces 

Ms Begum is still living at the al-Roj camp in northern Syria (pictured in 2021)

He also urged Ms Mahmood to fight the case ‘tooth and nail’.

Mr Philp called ISIS a ‘violent terrorist regime who brutally murdered their opponents and raped thousands of women and girls.

Ms Begum lost an appeal in February 2023 against the decision to revoke her citizenship after the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) ruled this was lawful.

She then lost a Court of Appeal bid in February 2024, before she was most recently denied the chance to challenge it at the Supreme Court in August 2024.

However, Ms Begum’s lawyers warned at the time that they could still take her case to the European Court of Human Rights – which they later did.

The Home Office has now been told by the European court to answer four questions about her citizenship.

One asks: ‘Has there been a violation of the applicant’s rights under Article 4 of the Convention by virtue of the decision to deprive her of her citizenship?’

Another says: ‘For the purposes of the Article 4 complaints made in the application, was the applicant at all material times within the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom, within the meaning of Article 1 of the Convention?’

Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights relates to ‘protection of property’, while Article 4 relates to ‘freedom from slavery and forced labour’.

A further question asks: ‘Did the Secretary of State for the Home Department’s decision to deprive the applicant of her citizenship engage her rights under Article 4 of the Convention?’.