KAOHSIUNG: In a bold move last week, Taiwan’s President William Lai introduced an extensive $40 billion defense spending plan. This initiative underscores the island’s commitment to bolstering its defenses amidst rising military tensions with China, a country that, despite never having governed Taiwan, insists it belongs to them.

A spokesperson from the U.S. State Department expressed support for Taiwan’s defense ambitions to Fox News Digital, stating, “We welcome Taiwan’s announcement of a new $40 billion special defense procurement budget. The United States, in line with the Taiwan Relations Act and a longstanding bipartisan commitment, backs Taiwan’s efforts to acquire essential defense capabilities in response to the threats it faces.”

The spokesperson further praised Taiwan’s government, noting, “We commend the Lai administration’s recent pledge to raise defense spending to at least 3% of GDP by 2026 and 5% by 2030, reflecting a strong resolve to enhance Taiwan’s self-defense capabilities.”

President William Lai of Taiwan interacts with military personnel in Hualien on May 28, 2024. (Photo by Ann Wang/Reuters)

The American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), effectively the U.S. embassy in Taiwan, quickly lauded Lai’s proposal. Political columnist Courtney Donovan Smith from the Taipei Times remarked to Fox News Digital that this enthusiastic endorsement from AIT signifies a “public American stamp of approval.”

Following Lai’s announcement, Taiwan’s Defense Minister Wellington Koo revealed that initial conversations with the United States regarding the desired armaments have already taken place. However, Koo noted that he is unable to disclose specific details of these discussions until formal notification is presented to Congress.

Yet some in Taiwan expressed concern that the language from the administration was somewhat understated, and didn’t come from senior-enough officials. 

Those worried about what they perceive as a muted tone from the Trump administration wondered if the timing could be sensitive, coming shortly after President Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping agreed to a trade deal, and just days after Xi phoned Trump to reiterate Beijing’s claims over Taiwan, claims the U.S. “acknowledges” but does not accept.

Even so, Taipei-based political risk analyst and Tamkang University assistant professor Ross Feingold told Fox News Digital that U.S. support fundamentally has not shifted and that when it comes to U.S. weapons sales to Taiwan, “If Taiwan is a willing buyer, the Trump administration is likely to be a willing seller.”

A screen grab captured from a video shows the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s Eastern Theater Command launching large-scale joint military exercises around Taiwan with naval vessels and military aircraft in China on May 24, 2024. (Feng Hao / PLA / China Military/Anadolu via Getty Images)

Also causing distress to the fragile egos of China’s communist leaders is Japan’s new Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, a conservative who became Japan’s first female prime minister in October. She appeared to break long-standing Japanese strategic ambiguity over Taiwan when, asked on Nov. 7 in parliament whether a Chinese attack on Taiwan would qualify as “a situation threatening Japan’s survival.”

Takaichi didn’t deflect with a “I don’t comment on hypotheticals.” Instead, she said, “If there are battleships and the use of force, no matter how you think about it, it could constitute a survival-threatening situation.”

Under Japan’s 2015 security law, that designation could allow Japanese military action in defense of an ally.

A Taiwanese soldier watches through powerful binoculars the Taiwan Strait along the narrow sea lane that separates China from Taiwan. (Alberto Buzzola/LightRocket via Getty Images)

China predictably lashed out, immediately calling her remarks “egregious.” A Chinese diplomat in Osaka escalated further, reposting coverage on X with a threat-like warning: “The dirty head that sticks itself in must be cut off.”

Kerry K. Gershaneck, a visiting scholar at National Chengchi University and a former U.S. Marine counterintelligence officer, told Fox News Digital that the U.S. needed to clearly denounce China for threats against Japan and the Japanese prime minister. Gershaneck warned that Asian allies remember past U.S. abandonment under what he called the “do not provoke China!” policy of the Obama administration. “Unless high-level Washington officials signal stronger support,” he said, “the Trump 47 administration risks going down in history as Barack Hussein Obama’s third term.”

Feingold noted that while Takaichi’s stance was enthusiastically received in Taiwan, the excitement “was unsustainable and not based on a formal policy decision by Japan to defend Taiwan.”

Following reports that President Trump phoned the Japanese prime minister and requested that she dial down talk about Taiwan, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Kihara Minoru issued a strong denial, saying Trump did not advise Takaichi to “temper the tone of her comments about Taiwan.”

President Donald Trump, with Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, speaks to members of the military aboard the USS George Washington, an aircraft carrier docked at an American naval base, in Yokosuka, Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2025. (Mark Schiefelbein/AP Photo)

While the geopolitical shifts grabbed headlines, Lai’s real challenge is domestic. Taiwan has a single-chamber legislature, and Lai’s Democratic Progressive Party does not have a majority.

Cheng Li-wun, the new chair of the main opposition Kuomintang (KMT), campaigned against boosting defense spending to 5% of GDP and has repeatedly argued Taiwan is “not an ATM” for “unreasonable” military budgets. The KMT supports renewed engagement with Beijing and acceptance of the “1992 Consensus,” a proposed framework that allows both sides to claim there is “one China” while interpreting the meaning differently. Lai rejects that position entirely, calling it a path toward subordination to China.

Soldiers pose for group photos with a Taiwan flag after a preparedness enhancement drill simulating the defense against Beijing’s military intrusions, ahead of the Lunar New Year in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, on Jan. 11, 2023. (Daniel Ceng/AP Photo)

Bryce Barros, associate fellow at GLOBSEC and a former U.S. Senate national security advisor, told Fox News Digital that there are serious hurdles. “Opposition leaders have cited cuts to other essential services like healthcare, lack of details on how the budget will be paid for and concerns over more hostilities with China,” he said. But Barros said the head of the de facto American embassy has called for bipartisan support for the bill, and he noted Lai needs only six opposition defections for the vote to pass.

Analysts also stress the proposal is not solely for U.S. weapons. Lai wants major investment in domestic defense manufacturing, including a “dome” anti-missile system, which could help blunt accusations of excessive spending to curry favor with Washington. But the plan still faces a volatile parliament and certain retaliation from China.