WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump is pushing for a prompt and clear ruling on tariffs from the Supreme Court, which he played a part in shaping. He argues that without the tariffs he’s applied on both U.S. competitors and allies, the nation could face severe economic challenges.
In an unusual move, the administration used dire language in its appeal to the Supreme Court late Wednesday, asking the justices to step in and overturn an appeals court decision that deemed most of Trump’s tariffs an improper use of emergency powers. For now, the tariffs remain in effect.
The issue is before a Supreme Court that has previously hesitated to challenge Trump’s significant use of executive authority. A key question is whether the justices’ broad interpretation of presidential power will permit Trump’s tariffs in the absence of direct Congressional approval, as the Constitution grants Congress authority over tariffs. Three justices on the conservative-leaning court were appointed during Trump’s first term.
The implementation of these tariffs has unsettled international markets, strained relationships with U.S. trading partners, and led to concerns about rising prices and slowed economic progress.
Nonetheless, President Trump has leveraged these trade measures to push the European Union, Japan, and other nations into new agreements. By late August, tariff revenues reached $159 billion, more than doubling the amount collected in the same period the previous year.
Increasing the urgency, Solicitor General D. John Sauer has asked the Supreme Court to decide within a week whether to take the case and schedule arguments for the first week of November, a timeline much quicker than the usual Supreme Court process.
“The President and his Cabinet officials have determined that the tariffs are promoting peace and unprecedented economic prosperity, and that the denial of tariff authority would expose our nation to trade retaliation without effective defenses and thrust America back to the brink of economic catastrophe,” Sauer wrote.
He wrote that it is not just trade that is at issue, but also the nation’s ability to reduce the flow of fentanyl and efforts to end Russia’s war against Ukraine.
The tariffs will almost certainly remain in effect until a final ruling from the Supreme Court. But the Republican administration nevertheless called on the high court to intervene quickly and reverse the ruling from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
“That decision casts a pall of uncertainty upon ongoing foreign negotiations that the President has been pursuing through tariffs over the past five months, jeopardizing both already negotiated framework deals and ongoing negotiations,” Sauer wrote. “The stakes in this case could not be higher.”
The filing cites not only Trump but also the secretaries of the departments of Treasury, Commerce and State in support of the urgent need for the justices to step in.
“The recent decision by the Federal Circuit is already adversely affecting ongoing negotiations,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent wrote.
The stakes are also high for small businesses battered by tariffs and uncertainty, said Jeffrey Schwab, senior counsel and director of litigation at the Liberty Justice Center.
“These unlawful tariffs are inflicting serious harm on small businesses and jeopardizing their survival. We hope for a prompt resolution of this case for our clients,” he said.
The businesses have twice prevailed, once at a federal court focused on trade and again with the appeals court’s 7-4 ruling. Their lawsuit is one of several challenging the tariffs.
Most judges on the Federal Circuit found that the 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA, does not allow Trump to usurp congressional power to set tariffs. The dissenters, though, said the gives the president the power to regulate importation during emergencies without explicit limitations.
The ruling involves two sets of import taxes, both of which Trump justified by declaring a national emergency: the tariffs first announced in April and the ones from February on imports from Canada, China and Mexico.
The Constitution gives Congress the power to impose taxes, including tariffs. But over the decades, lawmakers have ceded authority to the president, and Trump has made the most of the power vacuum.
Some Trump tariffs, including levies on foreign steel, aluminum and autos, were not covered by the appeals court ruling. It also does not include tariffs Trump imposed on China in his first term that were kept by Democratic President Joe Biden.
Trump can impose tariffs under other laws, but those have more limitations on the speed and severity with which he could act.
The government has argued that if the tariffs are struck down, it might have to refund some of the import taxes that it’s collected, delivering a financial blow to the U.S. Treasury.
The tariffs are expected to reduce deficits by $4 trillion over the next 10 years, the administration said, citing analyses by the Congressional Budget Office.
In an analysis from June, the CBO also found that the import taxes would slow growth and increase price pressures. The June analysis estimated that inflation would be 0.4% higher annually in 2025 and 2026 than it otherwise would be, hurting the purchasing power of U.S. consumers and businesses.
Trump has since revised and changed his tariff structure, making some of the estimates speculative.
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell warned in an August speech that tariffs are already pushing up the prices of some goods, but “there is significant uncertainty about where all of these polices will eventually settle and what their lasting effects on the economy will be.”
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Associated Press writer Josh Boak contributed to this report.
