International experts will join Irish counterparts to uncover an unmarked mass burial site for children at a former mother and baby home in Tuam in western Ireland, the director of the excavation team said on Monday.

Staff from Colombia, Spain, Britain, Canada and the United States have joined the Office of the Director of Authorised Intervention (ODAIT) team in Tuam, its director Daniel MacSweeney said at a press conference in the town.

The full-scale excavation of the site in Tuam – 135 miles west of Dublin – will start next week and is expected to last two years, said MacSweeney.

The work at the burial site, which is being undertaken by the ODAIT, will involve exhumation, analysis, identification if possible, and re-interment of the remains of infants who died at the home between 1925 and 1961.

Niamh McCullagh, ODAIT’s Senior Forensic Consultant, said that the random nature in which remains were buried added to the difficulty.

Significant quantities of baby remains were discovered in 20 individual chambers within an apparently makeshift crypt two metres below ground at the site during test excavations between 2016 and 2017, she said.

MacSweeney told AFP that the complexity of the task ‘is unique as we are dealing with so many sets of infant remains’.

DNA samples have already been collected from around 30 relatives, and this process will be expanded in the coming months to gather as much genetic evidence as possible, said MacSweeney.

A general view of a mass burial site at Tuam, Co. Galway

A memorial left at the site of the former Mother and Baby institution in Tuam, Co. Galway

A general view of the former site of the Bon Secours Mother and Baby home and the memorial garden where it is believed 796 children are buried can be seen on February 21, 2024 in Tuam, Ireland

A figurine in the infants graveyard at Sean Ross Abbey in Roscrea, Tipperary, which was mother and baby home operated by the Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary from 1930 to 1970

A 2.4-metre-high hoarding has been installed around the perimeter, which is in the middle of a housing estate built during the 1970s.

The site is subject to security monitoring on a 24-hour basis to ensure the forensic integrity of the site during the excavation.

The excavation comes over a decade since a historian discovered the unmarked mass burial site.

In 2014, local historian Catherine Corless produced evidence that 796 children, from newborns to a nine-year-old, had died at the location.

Her research pointed to the children’s likely final resting place – a disused septic tank discovered in 1975.

The mother and baby home in Tuam was run by Catholic nuns between 1925 and 1961, and the site was left largely untouched after the institution was knocked down in 1972.

It was Corless’s discovery of the unmarked mass burial site that led to an Irish Commission of Investigation into the mother and baby home.

Women who became pregnant out of wedlock were siloed in so-called mother and baby homes by Irish society, the state and the Catholic church, which has historically held an iron grip on Irish social attitudes.

Campaigner Anna Corrigan wipes away tears from her eyes while visiting the Excavation site in Tuam, Ireland, Monday July 7, 2025

A general view of the former site of the Bon Secours Mother and Baby home and the memorial garden

In 1943 alone, 34 per cent of children died in the home

The monstrous conditions suffered at the Irish mother and baby home were revealed in a damning 1947 report. Picture shows nuns and children at the Bessborough Mother and Baby home in Cork, Ireland

The site of the discovery of a mass grave containing the bodies of 796 children of St. Mary’s Mother and Baby Home on June 7, 2014 in Tuam, Co. Galway, Ireland

After giving birth at the homes, mothers were then separated from their newborn children, who were often given up for adoption.

The state-backed enquiries sparked by the discoveries in Tuam found that 56,000 unmarried women and 57,000 children passed through 18 such homes over the space of 76 years.

The commission’s report concluded that 9,000 children had died in the homes across Ireland.

Often, church and state worked in tandem to run the institutions, which still operated in Ireland as recently as 1998.

The ODAIT team was finally appointed in 2023 to lead the Tuam site excavation.

‘These children were denied every human right in their lifetime, as were their mothers, and they were denied dignity and respect in death,’ Anna Corrigan whose two siblings may have been buried at the site, told reporters.

‘We are hoping that today maybe will be the start of hearing them as I think they have been crying for a long time to be heard,’ she said.