In New York, Gov. Kathy Hochul issued a formal apology on Tuesday for the “atrocities” she attributes to an upstate boarding school. This institution forcibly removed Native American children from their families, pushing them to integrate into American culture.

Speaking on Seneca Nation land with tribal leaders present, the Democratic governor highlighted the severe “physical, emotional, and sexual abuse” endured by students at the Thomas Asylum of Orphan and Destitute Indian Children over its century-long operation.

Hochul remarked, “Meant to be a safe place for orphaned children, it turned into a place of terror. It was described by some as a torture site, a location for sanctioned ethnic cleansing. That was the reality here, an attempt to erase the rich history of the Seneca people.”

More than 2,500 students from tribes across the state attended the school in western New York, which operated from 1875 to 1957 and was among hundreds of such boarding schools across the U.S.

Seneca President J. Conrad Seneca, whose father attended the school, said the apology is overdue. He said his family and countless others have quietly borne their pain for generations.

“The atrocities that our children suffered at the Thomas Indian School have remained hidden in the shadows for far too long,” he said in a statement ahead of the visit. “At long last, our people will hear, directly from the Governor, the words we have waited lifetimes for the State of New York to say — ‘We’re sorry’.”

On her visit, which the tribe said is the first by a sitting New York governor, Hochul said she learned about how the school’s harsh environment affected generations of tribe families.

“The children in that school didn’t feel like they had a family. They were lonely,” she said. “No one gave them hugs or kisses goodnight, so when they became parents themselves, they were not conditioned to nurture or give love.”

Hochul vowed her budget will propose the creation of new education materials about local indigenous communities and their contributions.

“A deeper understanding of the people whose land we are on and what they have gone through. That is a first step forward,” she said.

The Thomas Indian School was originally established by Presbyterian missionaries in 1855 and taken over by the state in 1875.

It was among more than 400 government-supported schools established throughout the country with the goal of assimilating Native American youths.

But the schools, which operated for roughly 150 years, had a devastating impact on Native American communities. Staff at the schools worked to strip Native children of their traditions and heritage. Teachers and administrators cut their hair, forbade them from speaking their own languages and forced them into manual labor.

Students, forcibly separated from their families, endured torture, sexual abuse and hatred from school officials. More than 900 children died at the schools, the last of which closed or transitioned into different institutions decades ago.

Former President Joe Biden in October 2024 visited the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona to formally apologize to Native Americans for the “sin” of the nation’s government-run boarding school system.

But at least $1.6 million in federal funds destined for research projects on the boarding schools have been among the casualties of President Donald Trump’s efforts to rein in the federal bureaucracy.

Some tribe members were skeptical of Hochul’s goodwill gesture.

Lori Quigley, a Niagara University professor whose mother attended the Thomas school for 10 years as a young child, said she hopes the governor offers more than words.

“An apology is one thing,” she said by phone ahead of the visit. “What actions is she going to take in acknowledging this? These traumas are still impacting our communities.”

Matthew Hill, a tribe member whose father was among the last class of students before the school was shuttered, dismissed the visit as “empty words.”

After all, he said, the Hochul administration and the tribe have been negotiating for years over how much if any of the tribe’s casino revenues the state should be allowed to collect.

“They’re saying sorry for the school, but they’ll continue extorting money from us in the form of gaming revenues,” said Hill. “It’s a joke.”