We all recognize the feeling of being around someone whose condescending tone makes us feel less worthy. Various individuals can be unpleasant — from perpetual pessimists to complainers, envious individuals, mean-spirited critics, and those flaunting neon sunglasses. If you leave an interaction feeling worse about yourself, you’re likely dealing with a condescending personality. Condescension often arises from a mix of insecurity and arrogance. Indeed, it’s possible to be both arrogant and insecure simultaneously.

This article highlights some typical behaviors that contribute to negativity. However, remember that between 75 and 90 percent of communication is nonverbal. So, when people feel belittled, it’s not only about what is said but also about the tone and manner of delivery. If you’ve been accused of being condescending, here are some behaviors that might be causing eye-rolls and should be avoided.

1. Explaining things that people already know

We’ve all been in conversations that flow smoothly until someone suddenly veers off into an elaborate explanation of something you are already familiar with. They’re speaking animatedly, treating each detail like a revelation — “after nearly 30 years in prison, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize” — and you feel reluctant to interrupt their enthusiasm with, “Yeah, I’m aware of who Nelson Mandela is.”

Finding yourself in this situation is annoying, because the other person has, for whatever reason, assumed that you don’t possess the same knowledge, and sometimes emotional intelligence, they do. Chances are they haven’t actually weighed the likelihood that you do or don’t know what they’re explaining-they just know that they know it, and that’s enough reason for them to expound. This behavior is often referred to as ” mansplaining,” but the occasional woman is guilty of it too. The important thing to remember is that respectful two-way conversations involve reading cues from the other person. If you’re not certain they’re following what you’re talking about, you can always ask, “Are you familiar?” But most of the time, it’s safer to give them the benefit of the doubt.

2. Telling someone they “always” or “never” do something

No one likes to be put in a box. When you make broad generalizations about someone else’s behavior, that’s a condescending way to make them feel judged and misunderstood. Whether you’re having a casual conversation or trying to offer meaningful feedback, the person you’re talking to is way more likely to shut down and react defensively if you claim they “always” or “never” do something.

For example, were you to tell someone, “You’re always late,” or, “You never clean the toilet,” they’re likely to feel as if you’re making a definitive statement about who they are and will almost certainly rack their brains for contradictory evidence. Whereas, if you were to say, “I’ve noticed you’ve been late a lot recently,” or “It’s been a while since you cleaned the toilet,” the person you’re criticizing will still probably get defensive, but they won’t feel like you’re suggesting they’re fundamentally flawed or bringing down the gavel on their entire personality with your belittling comments.

Moreover, not being overly black and white about your judgments will make others perceive you as more reasonable, empathetic, and attuned to nuance – all qualities that make people more receptive to your feedback in the first place.

3. Interrupting to correct people’s pronunciation

If someone is in the middle of a thought, you should definitely not interrupt to correct their pronunciation. There is no faster way to break someone’s momentum or crater their confidence than to interrupt and say, “Um, it’s actually “essss-presso,’ not “ex-presso.'” Not only will you embarrass the person speaking, but everyone else listening will think you’re a know-it-all jerk for putting someone on the spot in an unnecessary and condescending manner.

If the conversation is casual, and someone mispronounces a name or a word, there’s a good chance it’s not worth correcting them at all. You’re not saving lives here. But if you feel the mistake was glaring enough that not correcting it would be like letting someone walk around with a giant shred of kale in their teeth (like, perhaps they’re mispronouncing the name of a client), it’s best to wait until they’ve finished their thought entirely. Once they are no longer the center of attention, you can say, discreetly, “Do you say debut “dee-butt?’ I always thought it was “day-byoo.’ French is weird.” Anyone with a shred of self-awareness will take that cue to track down the right pronunciation, and if they don’t bother, then going forward, it’s not worth your time to correct them anyway.

4. Saying “Take it easy”

For women in particular, being told to “Take it easy” is peak patronizing. Adjacent, equally aggravating directives include “Chill out,” “Calm down,” and “Relax!” No matter who you’re speaking to, when you tell someone to “Take it easy,” you’re suggesting that their excitement, concern or general response to something is either excessive or invalid. People are entitled to their feelings and their reactions.

Men might get this sort of response on occasion, but it happens a lot to women. Most women have had a man tell her to “relax” because he perceives her reaction as inappropriately emotional-when in fact, she doesn’t feel she’s responding emotionally at all. Research has shown time and again that men tend to perceive more “shrillness” and emotion in women’s voices. A Fortune study found that women were 17 times more likely than men to be described as abrasive. So when someone tells a woman to “Take it easy,” she’ll likely feel like that person is saying she’s “over the top” or “dramatic.” This minimizes her experience and casts her response as petty.

5. Saying you “actually” like an idea

This is the subtle way of saying, “Wow! You did something smart, and I never expected that from you!” Many of us have received a critical email from a condescending boss that lists all the things you did wrong, and then ends with, “but I actually thought this thought was great.” This kind of backhanded compliment can feel worse than getting no praise at all. If you offer a solution to a problem in a meeting, and someone says, “Hey, that’s actually a pretty good idea,” it sounds as if they’re surprised by your intelligent contribution, and they generally expect little of you. If you “actually” like something, you can just say you like it.

6. Doling out compliment sandwiches

Many bosses swear by this feedback method, which involves starting out with a compliment, giving a critique, and then ending with another compliment. It’s seen as a way of cushioning criticism. And it’s true that a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down sometimes. But at this point the formula is pretty easy to spot, and often the praise on either side of the critique-the real point of feedback, typically-can feel forced. Many people see a compliment sandwich and think, Just give it to me straight.

You don’t have to give a compliment to give a critique. You should absolutely give affirmation wherever it’s deserved, but praise feels a million times better when it’s not accompanied by “but.” Instead of compliment sandwiches, you could try a feedback method like the one Pixar has developed, which they call “plussing.” Leadership expert David Berkus has written that the technique is pulled from the improv comedy tradition, where the rule is never to say “No,” but always, “Yes, and…” At Pixar , practicing “plussing” means that when offering criticism, you do it in a direct way, but always follow with a constructive suggestion on how to remedy the issue.

7. Demeaning nicknames like “Chief” or “Honey”

Overly familiar, one-size-fits-all nicknames-especially from people you interact with in a professional capacity-are generally not a good look. This is particularly true for condescending people in positions of authority. While a male boss might think calling his subordinate “chief” is a way of being chummy, or rubbing elbows with the little people, it tends to come across with a patronizing tone. A woman boss might think she’s being approachable or motherly by calling her female employees “honey” or “sweetie,” but that can lead to a sense of false familiarity that makes it difficult for employees to speak frankly. Plus, those nicknames are almost always gender-exclusive; a male boss isn’t going to call his female employee “chief” (and hopefully in 2022 he knows not to call any woman besides his wife “honey”). So the chummy nicknames most people find condescending end up being pretty exclusionary, too.

When it comes to interacting with people who are providing you with a service of some kind-whether it’s the custodian in your office building, a server at a restaurant, your housekeeper, or your cab driver-nicknames are especially risky. Calling other men “Chief,” “Boss” or “Big Guy” is a weird sort of faux-submission posturing. In a 2019 poll taken by Men’s Health, 43 percent of respondents said that when another guy calls him “Boss,” he thinks that guy is a “condescending a**hole.” Those odds aren’t probably worth going up against. Luckily, the alternative to one-size-fits-all nicknames isn’t too hard to implement and works every time. You can just learn people’s actual names.

8. Patting people on the head

This might seem like a no-brainer, but it happens more often than you’d think. In general, it’s not a great idea to touch people who aren’t family members or close friends. It’s true that in the repertoire of touching methods, “patting” acquaintances is a better option than “stroking,” “smacking” or “pinching,” and there are certain scenarios in which patting someone on the back or shoulder is entirely acceptable. But head-patting is never okay. If you pat someone’s head they will invariably be forced to look up at you-in confusion or possibly an attempt to displace your hand-and then you’ll find yourself in the literal predicament of “looking down on them.” So if someone’s head is within patting reach-perhaps they are much shorter than you, or are sitting in a wheelchair, or an office chair-and you feel the urge to pat coming on, just remove yourself from the situation.

9. Name-dropping

This is an ancient and highly transparent method for communicating superiority from a condescending coworker. Whether you’re talking about how Jack Dorsey was at your yoga retreat last weekend, or how you’re on a first-name basis with Chrissy Teigen’s sister’s husband, you’re always going to come across as seeming like you think famous people are pretty important. It’s fine to be excited that you found yourself in the presence of a celebrity or powerful figure. The issue is when you go to the trouble to name drop, but then act like it’s no big deal, which suggests that you consider these people important enough to mention, but also consider yourself among their peers. To whoever you’re speaking to, the implicit message is, ‘I know important people, ergo I’m important.’ Others are likely to find this behavior condescending and a bit pathetic.

10. Telling someone, “Come on, you know better than that”

This sort of “sigh, shame-on-you” comment can be used in all kinds of situations but is almost always seen as a condescending remark. It’s the sort of thing an exasperated parent would say to their child, so when one adult says it to another, they sound like a scold with a condescending attitude. Say you’re having a debate over politics and someone says, “Come on, you know better than that.” You can’t help but feel like they’re belittling your perspective as short-sighted and childish. Even if you’re doing something objectively bad for you-say, smoking a cigarette-when someone says, “Come on, you know better than that,” it’s such a parental rebuke that you’ll probably relapse into adolescent “don’t tell me what to do” mode and smoke more cigarettes to spite them. If you disagree with someone’s opinion, there’s no problem with saying that directly. If you disagree with their lifestyle choices, it’s usually best to mind your own business.

11. Using “polite” acknowledgements to dismiss ideas

Common phrases like “Hmm, that’s interesting” or “Thanks for sharing” might seem like innocuous professional acknowledgements on the surface — and sometimes they are. However, if it’s clear that the person saying those words doesn’t intend to consider your idea or feedback, it might feel like they’re talking down to you.

Simply being upfront from the start can keep an interaction from feeling dismissive. Even if the answer is “No” or “Not right now,” owning that and explaining why it’s the case generally goes a lot further than faux consideration without any action to back it up.

12. Demonstrating tasks they haven’t been asked to

If explaining something you already know is on one side of the condescension coin, then showing you how to complete a task you’re already capable of executing is on the other. Even if the demonstration is well-intentioned, it communicates an “I’ll just do it myself” mentality that can undercut trust.

Unsure if someone knows how to get the job done? First, consider the situation objectively based on their actual performance, not any preconceived notions about what you think they can handle. Then, if a how-to still seems like a good idea, ask them if they’d find it helpful.

13. Holding people to an irrelevant personal standard

“Back when I was where you are…” If you’re hearing that line or a similar one from a colleague, you might be in for some valuable words of wisdom — or a soapbox lesson that draws on their professional past and has little to do with your current reality.

Unless someone asks how you’ve personally approached a workplace-related challenge, consider whether the information you’re about to share will actually benefit them or if it’s just an opportunity to flex your track record and make them feel inferior.