Treasurer Jim Chalmers has been advised against implementing widespread cost-of-living financial aid in the forthcoming federal budget due to concerns that such actions might exacerbate inflation.

On Tuesday, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, cautioned governments against enacting policies like energy price caps and subsidies, which aim to relieve financial stress on households and businesses.

“Although these measures are popular, evidence shows they often are poorly crafted and highly expensive for government budgets,” he remarked.

He added, “Additionally, refraining from fiscal stimulus amid rising inflation is crucial to avoid further complicating the efforts of central banks.”

This advice comes as Chalmers is set to head to Washington on Wednesday for the IMF-World Bank Spring Meetings, amid growing concerns regarding a deteriorating global economic outlook influenced by the Middle East conflict.

Before his departure, the Treasurer addressed the press in Brisbane, stating that the global economy is entering a “really dangerous time,” following the IMF’s recent World Economic Outlook, which highlighted significant downside risks.

‘The IMF is sounding the alarm on some pretty severe scenarios published overnight,’ Chalmers said.

‘Australia is better placed and better prepared than a number of other countries. We won’t be spared the fallout from this very substantial economic shock.’

Jim Chalmers (pictured) will jet off to the United States for an IMF-World Bank meeting 

The IMF has slightly downgraded its near‑term growth outlook for Australia, revising expected GDP growth to two per cent in 2026, down from 2.1 per cent forecast in January. 

Growth in 2027 is now expected to slow to 1.7 per cent, down from 2.2 per cent.

However, Australia’s inflation outlook has worsened sharply. The country’s headline inflation rate currently sits at 3.7 per cent.

The IMF now expects consumer price inflation to reach four per cent in 2026, higher than most advanced economies, including the United States, Britain and New Zealand.

The IMF had been preparing to upgrade its global growth forecasts earlier this year, before the outbreak of war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz derailed that momentum. 

Attacks on oil and gas facilities have raised fears of a prolonged energy crisis, increasing the risk of a global recession.

‘From an economic point of view, the end of the war can’t come soon enough,’ Chalmers said.

‘But even when the strait is properly reopened, and even when the hostilities formally end in an enduring way, we still expect the consequences of this war in the Middle East to be felt for some time.’

The IMF has warned against Australia offering stimulus that would add inflation pressure

Under a severe IMF scenario, where conflict persists and further damage is done to energy infrastructure, global growth would fall to just two per cent in 2026, perilously close to recession.

Against that backdrop, the IMF has urged governments to think carefully before intervening to lower prices, arguing that artificially suppressing costs can undermine economic adjustment. 

Economists have echoed those concerns at home, warning that the Albanese government’s cuts to the fuel excise could keep inflation higher for longer.

Mr Gourinchas said preserving price signals was critical during periods of scarcity.

‘High prices signal scarcity, encouraging demand restraint and supply expansion,’ he said.

‘Preserving price signals is important.’

He also urged central banks to ‘look through’ temporary energy price spikes, provided inflation expectations remain well anchored and policy settings are already appropriately calibrated.

On that front, Reserve Bank deputy governor Andrew Hauser noted at a speaking event in New York that short‑term inflation expectations were rising, though long‑term expectations remained stable.

The IMF has warned that a prolonged war in the Middle East could push the world to recession. 

Even so, he acknowledged uncertainty around current interest rate settings, saying he was not yet confident policy was ‘at the right level’.

Despite the IMF’s warnings, Chalmers said the upcoming federal budget would aim to strike a careful balance between immediate cost pressures and the need to maintain fiscal discipline.

‘I’m confident that this budget, which will be focused on fuel security, supply chains, resilience and economic reform, will balance those key considerations,’ he said.

Looking beyond the immediate crisis, the IMF said advances in artificial intelligence offered hope for stronger productivity, faster growth and rising living standards over the long term, though it warned the economic scars from war and instability would be felt long after the fighting stops.