Lebanese Military Intensifies Disarmament Strategy: Targeting Non-State Groups Including Hezbollah

BEIRUT – The Lebanese Armed Forces announced on Thursday the completion of the initial phase of their strategic initiative to fully deploy throughout southern Lebanon, aiming to disarm non-state entities, with a particular focus on Hezbollah.

This disarmament initiative follows a ceasefire facilitated by Washington, which brought an end to the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel in 2024.

While the military’s announcement did not explicitly mention Hezbollah or other armed factions, it precedes a planned meeting between President Joseph Aoun and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam. The leaders are expected to further deliberate on the deployment and disarmament strategies. Both leaders have emphasized the importance of disarming non-state actors since taking office shortly after the ceasefire was established.

At this time, neither Israel nor Hezbollah has issued a response to the announcement made by the Lebanese military.

The Lebanese government has set a target to eliminate all non-state weapons south of the Litani River by the end of 2025. Since the government approved the disarmament proposal in September, the military has been actively dismantling tunnels, rocket-launching sites, and other infrastructure.

“The army confirms that its plan to restrict weapons has reached an advanced stage, having successfully accomplished the objectives of the first phase with tangible results,” stated the military’s communiqué.

Israel still strikes Lebanon near daily and occupies five strategic hilltop points along the border, the only areas south of the Litani where the military said it has yet to control.

“Work in the sector is ongoing until the unexploded ordnance and tunnels are cleared … with the aim of preventing armed groups from irreversibly rebuilding their capabilities,” the statement read, adding that it will soon announce the next stages of the plan.

Officials have said the next stage of the disarmament plan is in segments of southern Lebanon between the Litani and the Awali River, which include Lebanon’s port city of Sidon, but they have not set a timeline for that phase.

Regular meetings have taken place between the Lebanese and the Israelis alongside the United States, France, and the U.N. peacekeeping forces in southern Lebanon, known as UNIFIL, to monitor developments after the ceasefire.

Lebanon’s cash-strapped military has since been gradually dispersing across wide areas of southern Lebanon between the Litani River and the U.N.-demarcated “Blue Line” that separates the tiny country from Israel. The military has also been slowly confiscating weapons from armed Palestinian factions in refugee camps.

Israel accuses Hezbollah of trying to rebuild its battered military capacity and has said that the Lebanese military’s efforts are not sufficient, raising fears of a new escalation. Lebanon, meanwhile, said Israel’s strikes and control of the hilltops were an obstacle to the efforts.

Lebanon also hopes that disarming Hezbollah and other non-state groups will help to bring in money needed for reconstruction after the 2024 war.

Hezbollah says it has been cooperative with the army in the south but will not discuss disarming elsewhere before Israel stops its strikes and withdraws from Lebanese territory.

The latest Israel-Hezbollah conflict began the day after the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas-led attack on Israel triggered the war in Gaza. The militant group Hezbollah, largely based in southern Lebanon, began firing rockets into Israel in support of Hamas and the Palestinians.

Israel responded with airstrikes and shelling. The low-level conflict escalated into full-scale war in September 2024. Israeli strikes killed much of Hezbollah’s senior leadership and left the group severely weakened.

Hezbollah still has political clout, holding a large number of seats in parliament representing the Shiite Muslim community and two cabinet ministers.