On Monday, shares of leading U.S. energy companies surged following President Donald Trump’s announcement of plans to take control of Venezuela’s oil industry. He stated that American firms would rejuvenate the sector after the capture of President Nicolás Maduro.

While this U.S. intervention might not immediately affect crude oil prices due to the current market surplus, it has the potential to significantly disrupt energy markets.

Venezuela’s oil sector has suffered from years of neglect and sanctions, leaving it in a state of disrepair. Some industry experts suggest that with proper investment, Venezuela could swiftly increase its production from the current 1.1 million barrels per day, potentially doubling or tripling output to return to historic levels. However, others caution that the recovery could take much longer.

Neal Dingmann from William Blair expressed skepticism about the feasibility of U.S. oil companies investing heavily in Venezuelan infrastructure. “Despite the Trump administration’s assertions, political uncertainties and the currently low oil prices might deter significant investment in the near term,” he noted. Dingmann emphasized that meaningful increases in Venezuelan oil production would require substantial time and investment in infrastructure.

Any potential investment would occur against the backdrop of a weakened global energy market. U.S. crude prices have dropped 20% since last year. The price of benchmark U.S. crude has remained below $70 per barrel since June and hasn’t reached $80 since the summer of 2024.

JPMorgan anticipates a temporary decline in Venezuela’s oil production but predicts a quick recovery. They estimate that production could climb to between 1.3 million and 1.4 million barrels per day within two years following a political shift.

“With new investments and major institutional reforms, output could potentially expand to 2.5 mbd over the next decade,” JPMorgan wrote.

There’s several factors that could impact Venezuelan production, including how quickly a government transition can take hold and how fast and willing multinational oil companies are to reenter the country, wrote John Freeman of Raymond James.

At the opening bell, shares in the energy sector moved broadly higher, particularly companies with large refinery operations.

Venezuela produces the kind of heavy crude oil that’s needed for diesel fuel, asphalt and other fuels for heavy equipment. Diesel is in short supply around the world because of the sanctions on oil from Venezuela and Russia and because America’s lighter crude oil can’t easily replace it.

Big refiners like Valero, Marathon Petroleum and Phillips 66 rose between 5% and 6% at the opening bell.

Oilfield service companies, those that actually go into the field and do the drilling and upkeep, rose even more sharply. SLB and Halliburton rose between 7% and 8%.

Major oil exploratory companies including ExxonMobil, Chevron and ConocoPhillips rose between 2% and 4%.