Elon Musk’s aerospace enterprise, SpaceX, is gearing up for its Wall Street debut this Friday, with both institutional and individual investors eagerly anticipating the chance to purchase the 555.6 million shares available at a price of $135 each. This move might propel Musk, already the wealthiest person globally, towards becoming the first trillionaire.
Why is the company choosing to go public at this moment?
In a video interaction on his social media platform X, Musk shared with JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon that for over a decade, he’s been advised to take SpaceX public. The timing aligns with the company’s ambitious plan to launch 100,000 next-gen Starlink satellites into orbit. Musk emphasized that establishing AI data centers in space represents a “massive new growth base,” necessitating significant capital investment.
Breaking new ground
SpaceX is poised to make history with what could be the largest IPO ever, potentially raising approximately $75 billion. This could very well pave the way for Musk to become the planet’s first trillionaire. Moreover, SpaceX aims to achieve another milestone by being the first to transport humans to Mars. Interestingly, Musk’s future compensation is partially linked to SpaceX establishing a substantial human settlement of at least a million residents on Mars.
What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of initiating an IPO?
Going public provides access to the capital that SpaceX needs. But it also exposes it to more scrutiny from shareholders and more regulatory oversight. That includes filing quarterly financial reports, which critics say incentivizes short-term thinking over longer-term planning and creates unnecessary costs for a company. Securities regulators are currently soliciting public comment on a proposal to require public companies to file the financial reports only twice every year.
SpaceX depends a lot on Musk
The company credits Musk with being the “driving force” behind its growth, innovation and success. But what happens if Musk is no longer in the picture? SpaceX warns that the loss of Musk could disrupt its ability to execute its strategy as well as hurt its “reputation and relationships with customers, partners and other stakeholders.” The company also warns that finding a replacement with the same skills and experience as Musk would be time-consuming, if not nearly impossible. As Wedbush Securities analyst Dan Ives wrote Wednesday, “At the end of the day Musk is SpaceX and SpaceX is Musk.”
Musk is in control
The CEO will hold the majority of a special class of shares, giving him control over decisions related to company strategy, finances and personnel. On the latter, because of his ownership of most of these Class B shares, the only person who can fire Musk as CEO … is Musk.
SpaceX’s competition
Analysts say that by pioneering reusable rockets, SpaceX has established a clear lead on competitors such as Blue Origin, led by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos. The Starlink satellite business competes with, among others, AST SpaceMobile – which is relying on a SpaceX rocket to send its latest generation of satellites into orbit next week.
A big bet on AI
The prospectus filed last week says SpaceX’s biggest potential market is the sale of business-oriented artificial intelligence products to transform how people get work done. It’s an opportunity SpaceX predicts would be worth $22.7 trillion if it could somehow dominate rivals like Anthropic, OpenAI and Microsoft in a highly competitive industry. But the prospectus shows no clear path to profitability for the xAI business, which merged with SpaceX earlier this year.
SpaceX will depend a lot on Starship
Currently in the test phase, the gigantic reusable rocket is key to SpaceX realizing Musk’s ambitions. Much of the commercial space business hinges on SpaceX developing Starship’s capability to be fully reusable and hearty enough for a quick turnaround between flights. If that doesn’t happen, SpaceX warns that putting data centers and satellites in space will take longer and cost more money, meaning it risks customers bailing on the company.
Changing the rules
If the SpaceX IPO is as successful, the stock could quickly join the Nasdaq 100, a widely followed index that tracks the 100 largest non-financial companies on the Nasdaq. That’s important because some popular funds, such as the $460 billion QQQ exchange-traded fund, mimic the index and will automatically buy whatever is listed in the index.
Nasdaq recently changed its rules to allow select companies to enter the Nasdaq 100 after just 15 trading days.
Standing pat
S&P Dow Jones Indices, on the other hand, is sticking to established and more traditional thresholds that would allow SpaceX or other companies with gargantuan IPOs faster entry into its S&P 500 index. That means companies will still need to wait for their stocks to trade a full 12 months before they can enter the index.
Companies want to be in the S&P 500 in particular because it’s arguably the most important index on Wall Street, with trillions of dollars either mimicking it exactly or benchmarked against it. Vanguard’s VOO fund that tracks the S&P 500 has roughly $950 billion invested in it for example.
