Researchers from the Centenary Institute and the University of Sydney formulated the CoVEXS5 vaccine, which defends against five variants of the virus, including the “highly immune-evasive” Omicron XBB.1.5 variant and the SARS-CoV-1, a relative of SARS-CoV-2.

Studies showed reduced virus levels in the lungs of vaccinated mice by 99.9 per cent, compared to unvaccinated controls.

It also induced high levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies and activated specific immune T-cells in the lungs, essential for the body’s defense against the virus.

“By integrating elements from various coronaviruses, we’ve developed a vaccine that can more effectively prepare the body to combat both current and future threats,” Dr. Claudio Counoupas, a researcher at the Centenary Institute’s Centre for Infection and Immunity, stated.

The CoVEXS5 vaccine features a unique version of the spike protein, fusing protein elements from several different COVID-19 variants into one single structure.

Researchers say this fusion helps the immune system recognise and respond to a broader range of virus types.

”The immune response we saw in the laboratory was both strong and broad,” co-lead study author Elizabeth Chan said.

“It’s exciting to think that this approach could help future-proof vaccines against ongoing changes in the virus.”

The research team is now focusing on advancing the vaccine through further testing and development.