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US envoy Steve Witkoff and Iran’s top diplomat have begun a second round of talks as the Trump administration presses the Islamic republic to agree to a deal to reverse its nuclear advances.

Saturday’s negotiations in Rome between Witkoff and Iranian foreign minister Abbas Araghchi are critical to ending a years-long stand-off between Washington and Tehran that risks triggering the Middle East’s next conflict.

According to Iran’s foreign ministry, Oman mediated between the longtime adversaries at its ambassador’s residence in Rome, where the two delegations held discussions in separate rooms.

Following indirect talks in Oman last weekend — the first between a Trump administration and the republic — both the US and Iran described the discussions as positive and constructive. But this week, US officials gave mixed signals about what President Donald Trump expected Iran to agree to.

Witkoff suggested at the beginning of the week that the US may be willing to allow Tehran to continue enriching uranium at low levels. But the following day he said that Iran “must stop and eliminate” its nuclear enrichment programme to secure a deal with Trump.

That would be a red line for Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s Supreme Leader, who insists Tehran has a right to enrich uranium under the international Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Araghchi said that Iran was “completely serious” in the Rome talks and would not alter its position. He urged the US to demonstrate “consistency” in its messaging.

“We have been receiving contradictory signals from the US,” he told Iranian reporters on Friday. “For us, what is said at the negotiating table is the standard.” He added that “we have clearly articulated our stance in response to those US positions which are unacceptable to us”.

Iran has expanded its enrichment programme since Trump withdrew in his first term from the nuclear accord Tehran had signed with the Obama administration, European powers, Russia and China in 2015. 

Under that deal, Iran agreed to strict limits on its nuclear activity, including enriching uranium to levels no higher than 3.67 per cent purity, in return for sanctions relief.

But Iran has enriched uranium at levels up to 60 per cent purity over the past four years and has the capacity to produce sufficient fissile material required for nuclear bombs within weeks.

The US intelligence community’s annual threat assessment report said last month that “Iran is not building a nuclear weapon and that Khamenei has not reauthorised the nuclear weapons programme he suspended in 2003”.

Trump has insisted he wants to resolve the crisis diplomatically, but has warned that America would take military action, potentially alongside Israel, if Iran did not agree to a deal. The US has deployed additional forces to the region in recent weeks, including a second aircraft carrier and bombers.

Iran has pledged to retaliate against any attack.

During its National Army Day on Friday, Iran displayed the Russian-made S-300 missile system, which had previously been believed to have been destroyed in last year’s Israeli strike on Iran’s defence radar infrastructure. State media reported that the system, known as Bavar-373 in Iran, showcased in the parade was an “upgraded” version, reconstructed by Iranian engineers.