Texas Democrats departed the state on Sunday in a strategic move to prevent Republicans from passing a new U.S. House map that could strengthen their narrow congressional majority in 2026.

The departure allows the minority party to deprive Republicans in control of the necessary votes for maps that would create five new Republican-leaning congressional districts. The proposed lines dissect Democratic-leaning urban areas where the majority of the state’s 30 million residents live.

While such dramatic actions are rare, both parties have utilized walkouts to deny quorum in state legislatures from Oregon to New Hampshire. In various instances, leaving the job, whether briefly or for extended periods, has resulted in consequences such as fines, threats of arrest, or even being removed from the ballot.

“We’re leaving Texas to fight for Texans,” Gene Wu, chair of the House Democratic Caucus, stated on Sunday. “We’re not abandoning our duties; we’re abandoning a rigged system that refuses to listen to the people we represent.”

Here’s a closer look at how lawmakers around the country have used walkouts.

Texas

Four years ago, Texas Democrats walked off the job over a proposal for voting restrictions and fled to Washington D.C.

Although initially effective in stopping the measure, they were unable to block the plan again during a special session when Republicans had law enforcement issue civil arrest warrants to compel Democrats to return. This deadlock persisted for over a month and the bill restricted 24-hour polling locations, outlawed drive-through voting, and provided more access to partisan poll watchers.

Democrats in the state employed this same tactic in 2003, with House members fleeing to Oklahoma and senators heading to New Mexico. They were unsuccessful in preventing a Republican congressional redistricting plan.

Oregon

Oregon legislators in both parties have boycotted daily sessions to halt work in one or both chambers since the 1970s. After several GOP walkouts, voters in 2022 approved an amendment to the state constitution barring lawmakers from seeking reelection if they have more than 10 unexcused absences in a single annual legislative session.

In 2023, Republicans staged a six-week boycott — the longest in the Oregon Legislature’s history — over measures protecting abortion rights and gender-affirming care for transgender people. Ten lawmakers were barred from seeking reelection the following year.

New Hampshire

In 2021, New Hampshire Democrats walked out when an anti-abortion bill came up for a vote, protesting what they saw as a partisan manipulation of the calendar. That prompted the Republican House speaker to lock the doors to maintain a quorum.

“I’m locking the doors right now so everybody in the chamber will stay in the chamber!” shouted House Speaker Sherman Packard, who later refused to let Democrats back in to vote on the bill.

Wisconsin

Democratic state senators from Wisconsin fled to neighboring Illinois in 2011, blocking a vote on GOP Gov. Scott Walker’s plan to strip most public workers of their union rights. At the same time, pro-union protesters descended on the state Capitol.

The stalemate ended several weeks later after Republicans weakened their legislation.

Indiana

Indiana Democrats left the state for Illinois in 2011 to prevent a Republican bill prohibiting mandatory labor union fees. The absence of Democrats left the House short of the two-thirds needed for a quorum.

Democrats threatened to stay in Illinois until they received assurances from top leaders that the bills would not be called, while Republican leaders said they wouldn’t negotiate with legislators who didn’t show up to their jobs.

Republicans successfully passed the bill the following year.