In a decisive move on Monday, President Trump signed an executive order that formally reclassifies fentanyl as a weapon of mass destruction. This development comes amid ongoing debates over recent U.S. military actions targeting suspected drug traffickers from Venezuela in the Caribbean, actions that some critics argue may not align with legal standards.

Speaking from the Oval Office, President Trump underscored the gravity of the fentanyl crisis by comparing its impact to that of a bomb, specifically citing the opioid’s role in the staggering number of overdose deaths across the nation. “No bomb does what this is doing,” he remarked, stressing the administration’s commitment to combating what he described as an attempt to “drug out our country.”

Historically, the Department of Homeland Security has defined weapons of mass destruction as devices—be they radiological, chemical, biological, or otherwise—designed to inflict widespread harm. Within this context, the executive order contends that illicit fentanyl behaves more like a chemical weapon than a typical narcotic, given its potency.

The order highlights the alarming statistics: a mere two milligrams of fentanyl, an almost invisible quantity akin to just 10 to 15 grains of table salt, is enough to kill. This staggering lethality has already resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Americans, underscoring the urgent need for this reclassification.

The Department of Homeland Security previously defined weapons of mass destruction as “radiological, chemical, biological, or other device that is intended to harm a large number of people.”

“Illicit fentanyl is closer to a chemical weapon than a narcotic,” the order reads. “Two milligrams, an almost undetectable trace amount equivalent to 10 to 15 grains of table salt, constitutes a lethal dose. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have died from fentanyl overdoses.”

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates fentanyl killed more than 80,000 Americans in 2024. The opioid is a leading cause of U.S. overdose deaths.

The order directs Attorney General Pam Bondi to immediately pursue “investigations and prosecutions” into fentanyl trafficking and calls on the State and Treasury departments to target assets and accounts of individuals involved in drug trafficking. As part of the order, the departments of Defense and Homeland Security are also given additional tools to target countries, cartels and other organizations involved in manufacturing or trafficking fentanyl.

In general, several agencies are called to “eliminate the threat of illicit fentanyl and its core precursor chemicals to the United States.”

Trump had previously imposed tariffs on China, Canada and Mexico for allegedly not doing enough to stop the flow of fentanyl into the United States. He has also designated multiple drug cartels as foreign terrorist organizations. He has also repeatedly threatened strikes on land in Venezuela, Colombia and Mexico to ostensibly battle drug trafficking.

The order was announced during a ceremony to award the Mexican Border Defense Medal to members of the military dispatched to the southern border.