Insights into the Trump-Facilitated Peace Agreement Between DR Congo and Rwanda

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Key Points

Rwanda and the DRC signed a Trump-proposed peace deal aimed at ending the long-running conflict in eastern Congo.
Fresh violence occurred even as the agreement was signed, raising doubts about its effectiveness.
Trump says the agreement will pave the way for the US to gain access to critical minerals in both countries.

US President Donald Trump and the leaders of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo signed a peace deal, even as fresh violence raised questions about the accord to end one of Africa’s longest wars.

Trump said the United States was also signing deals on critical minerals with the two countries as he hosted Paul Kagame, the longtime president of Rwanda, and Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi in Washington on Friday AEDT.

“I think it’s going to be a great miracle,” Trump said after the signing — held in a peace institute which his administration has just renamed after him.

Speaking of the two leaders, he added: “They spent a lot of time killing each other, and now they are going to spend a lot of time hugging, holding hands and taking advantage of the United States of America economically, like every other country does.”

Amidst ongoing conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), African leaders have adopted a more cautious tone. The region has been embroiled in intense fighting, with the M23 armed group, reportedly supported by Rwanda according to the United Nations, making significant advances against the forces of Kinshasa in recent weeks.

“There will be ups and downs on the road ahead, there is no doubt about it,” said Kagame, whose allies have taken a decisive edge on the ground against his country’s turbulent neighbour.

This recent accord follows a previous meeting over five months ago, where the foreign ministers of the involved countries and Trump announced another deal aimed at resolving the conflict. Despite these diplomatic efforts, stability remains elusive.

After the June accord, which saw M23 and the DRC government agreeing to a ceasefire under the mediation of U.S. ally Qatar, both parties have since traded accusations of breaching the terms. The persistent mutual distrust continues to hinder the path to lasting peace in the region.

Trump has claimed the eastern DRC conflict, where hundreds of thousands of people have died over several decades, is among eight wars he has ended since he returned to office in January.

The US president has made no secret of his desire to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Trump said the agreement will pave the way for the United States to gain access to critical minerals in both countries. The violence-torn eastern DRC in particular has reserves of many of the key ingredients in modern technologies such as electric cars.

It is the latest in a series of deals in which the billionaire Republican has negotiated a stake for US firms to extract rare earth minerals, including in Ukraine.

“We’re going take out some of the rare earth,” Trump said. “And everybody’s going to make a lot of money.”

The signing comes more than five months after the countries’ foreign ministers also met Trump and announced another deal to end the conflict.

The long-simmering conflict exploded in late January as the M23 captured the major cities of Goma and Bukavu.

After the June agreement, the M23 — which denies links to Rwanda — and the DRC government pledged a ceasefire following mediation by US partner Qatar, but both sides have since accused the other of violations.

Has the fighting really stopped?

Violence continued on the ground even on the day of the signing.

An Agence France-Presse journalist at the scene heard weapon fire ring out on the outskirts of Kamanyola, an M23-controlled town in South Kivu province near the borders with Rwanda and Burundi.

“Many houses have been bombed, and there are many dead,” said Rene Chubaka Kalembire, an administrative official in Kaziba, a town also under M23 control, on the eve of the signing.

After several days of clashes around Kaziba, fighter jets bombarded the town again on Thursday morning, a local civil society representative who requested anonymity told AFP.