The survey, conducted from November 1 to mid-December 2025, has stirred debate with the federal government challenging its findings. It highlights a rise in out-of-pocket expenses for patients who are not fully covered by bulk billing.

The cost of visiting clinics that do not entirely offer bulk billing has increased significantly. The report reveals an uptick in the average out-of-pocket expense for a typical consultation, rising from $43.38 to $49.23 over the past year.

Nationally, the percentage of clinics offering complete bulk billing has nearly doubled, now exceeding 40%. In New South Wales and the Northern Territory, this rate has surpassed the 50% mark, as noted by the Cleanbill report.

The report from Cleanbill indicates that clinics which did not participate or declined to provide information regarding pricing or availability were included in the database but excluded from the analysis if costs could not be verified.

Both New South Wales and Victoria, along with Queensland and South Australia, hover around the national average out-of-pocket fee of $49.23. Meanwhile, Western Australia stands out as the most affordable, with an average cost of $46.63.

Australia’s smallest and least populous jurisdictions are the most expensive for an adult patient without concessions, according to the report.

Tasmania has the highest average out-of-pocket cost for a standard consultation at $60.76 in 2026, followed by the ACT and Northern Territory.

Conversely, Tasmania reports the highest average out-of-pocket fee for a standard consultation at $60.76, followed closely by the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory.

Tasmania has the highest average out-of-pocket cost for a standard consultation at $60.76, followed by the ACT and Northern Territory. Source: SBS News

Meanwhile, the number of bulk-billing clinics rose by 19.5 per cent across the country, the report found.

Government figures show that since 1 November, more than 3,200 practices are now fully bulk-billed. Almost 1,200 of these were previously mixed billing practices.

“Close to 7,500 General Practices are now registered with MyMedicare. This has increased significantly since 1 November 2025,” Butler said.

“By 2030, the number of fully bulk-billed practices will be boosted to around 4,800 nationally.”

The Royal Australian College of GPs (RACGP) said the availability of bulk billing indicated by both the Cleanbill report and federal government data was “good news”, but added it was not surprising out-of-pocket costs were on the rise.

“Medicare data show that most GP visits continue to be delivered without cost. However, the RACGP’s Health of the Nation report highlights that consultation complexity and average length are both rising,” said RACGP president Dr Michael Wright.

“At the same time, Medicare rebates haven’t kept pace with the cost of care for many patients. So, it is not surprising to see that out-of-pocket costs are increasing where new incentives don’t cover the cost of providing high-quality care.”

Wright said improved access to GP services in rural areas was positive but warned affordability remained a barrier for patients needing longer consultations, particularly for complex or mental health conditions.

He said Medicare funding for extended appointments needed to be improved to ensure patients were not disadvantaged.

What is the bulk billing scheme?

The government has expanded the bulk billing scheme to all Australians and is offering a 12.5 per cent incentive payment on Medicare rebates for clinics that bulk-bill all eligible patients, split between the GP and the practice, to boost accessibility and encourage fully bulk-billed services.

It means the Medicare payment for a standard GP consultation at a bulk-billed, city practice will be almost two-thirds higher — from $42.85 to $69.56.

For a regional or rural practice, it will be almost doubled, from $42.85 to up to $84.86, depending on location.

At the time of the policy announcement last year, Australian Medical Association president Danielle McMullen said there would be a shift in the rates of no out-of-pocket consultations in parts of the country.

However, some areas would see no difference.

“I do hope this will make a difference in rural and regional communities and in our areas of socio-economic disadvantage, where GPs have been really trying as hard as they can to keep those costs down,” McMullen said at the time.

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