In the heart of Europe, far from the political corridors of Washington, the record-breaking U.S. government shutdown has rippled across the Atlantic, impacting the lives of local employees at American military bases. Thousands of workers stationed at these European outposts have found their paychecks on hold since the shutdown began nearly six weeks ago.

Some host countries have temporarily covered the salaries, anticipating eventual reimbursement from the United States. However, in places like Italy and Portugal, many have continued to work without pay, caught in the crossfire of political deadlock across the ocean.

Angelo Zaccaria, a union representative at the Aviano Air Base in northeastern Italy, voiced the frustration of many. “It’s an absurd situation because nobody has answers, nobody feels accountable,” he explained to The Associated Press. “The impact on us Italian workers is dramatic.”

Local workers at U.S. bases perform a variety of essential roles, including food service, construction, logistics, and maintenance, alongside more specialized duties. These individuals may be employed directly by the U.S. government or through private contractors.

An array of needed jobs

Amber Kelly-Herard, spokesperson for the U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Africa, noted that the payment of these local employees depends on specific agreements between the U.S. and each host nation, leading to differing scenarios across countries.

How local employees are paid varies by country and is based on specific agreements the U.S. government has with each host nation, said Amber Kelly-Herard, a public affairs spokesperson for the U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Africa.

During the shutdown, Kelly-Herard said local employees were expected to continue to perform their jobs in accordance with their work contracts.

The AP reached out to the Pentagon with multiple questions on the pay disruption, but was only provided a brief statement that did not acknowledge it.

“We value the important contributions of our local national employees around the world,” it said. The official declined to answer any follow-up questions.

American bases feeling the pinch overseas

In Germany, the government has stepped in to pay the salaries of nearly 11,000 local employees that work on U.S. military bases, the nation’s finance ministry said in a statement. American facilities in Germany include the Ramstein Air Base, a critical hub for operations in the Mideast and Africa and headquarters to the U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Africa.

Workers in other countries have not been so fortunate.

More than 4,600 Italian nationals work at the five U.S. bases in Italy, said union coordinator Zaccaria. Of those, about 2,000 workers — mostly at bases in Aviano and Vicenza — were not paid in October, Italy’s foreign ministry said Saturday.

The ministry said in a statement it had discussed the issue with U.S. officials, and that the U.S. Army and Air Force were in talks with the Pentagon about using their own funds to pay the salaries of Italian workers.

“There are workers struggling to pay their mortgages, to support their children or even to pay the fuel to come to work,” Zaccaria said.

In Portugal, a similar situation was playing out at the Lajes Field base in the Azores archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, where more than 360 Portuguese workers have not been paid, according to Paula Terra, head of the Lajes base workers’ committee.

Terra said unpaid staff are still turning up because furloughs aren’t legally recognized in a U.S.-Portugal agreement on the base. Staying away could leave them open to disciplinary proceedings, she added.

But this week, the Azores Islands regional government approved a bank loan to pay the Portuguese workers at the base in the interim. Terra said she was waiting to hear when workers could claim the money.

Germany is counting on being repaid once the shutdown ends, the finance ministry’s spokesperson told the AP, adding that during previous shutdowns, civilians were paid by the U.S. government.

The governments of Poland, Lithuania and Greenland did not respond to a request for comment from the AP about whether they, too, have also stepped in to pay local workers.

Most vulnerable, at-risk workers

Linda Bilmes, a professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and an expert on public finance, said local workers at U.S. military bases who work as contractors are generally most at-risk of losing pay during U.S. government shutdowns.

She added that the U.S. government in the past always paid back full-time employees, including those working at overseas facilities who may be foreign nationals — but that contractors are not always covered, which is why some add extra fees in their contracts to cover potential government funding stoppages.

“But I doubt anyone anticipated this length of delay,” Bilmes said.

In Spain, where the U.S. operates the Moron and Rota military bases in the south, a union representing more than 1,000 Spanish workers said a delay in payments had been resolved last month with the help of the Spanish government.

Spain’s defense ministry did not respond to multiple requests seeking to confirm its involvement in resolving the pay issue.

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Associated Press journalists Konstantin Toropin in Washington; Barry Hatton and Helena Alves in Lisbon, Portugal and Stefanie Dazio in Berlin contributed to this report.