Japan’s Parliament voted Friday to formally maintain male-only succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne, reinforcing a rule at the heart of an imperial system whose roots stretch back about 1,500 years.
The decision came through revisions to the Imperial House Law, a statute dating to the 1800s, even as specialists warned that restricting succession to men from the paternal bloodline could accelerate the decline of Japan’s already shrinking and aging imperial family, the Associated Press reported.
In an effort to shore up the dwindling pool of eligible heirs, the revised rules permit distant male relatives to be adopted into the imperial family so they can father future successors.
Still, the central limits remain unchanged: the throne is reserved for men with royal blood. The revisions also allow princesses to keep their royal status after marrying commoners.
The parliamentary vote comes amid growing public support in Japan for Princess Aiko, the 24-year-old daughter of Emperor Naruhito, to be allowed to inherit the throne — a path now closed under the new rules.
“The emperor is a symbolic figure, and I don’t see why women cannot serve in the role,” Junichiro Tsujimaru, a 78-year-old founder of a sushi chain, told the AP.
Under the current line of succession, the 66-year-old emperor’s younger brother is first in line. He is followed by the emperor’s 19-year-old nephew, Prince Hisahito, and then by the emperor’s 90-year-old uncle.
Prince Hisahito is the only boy born into the imperial family in four decades, and just five of the family’s 16 adult members are men.
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and other conservatives say the male bloodline is the source of the emperor’s authority and legitimacy.
“It’s a declaration to prevent female monarchs … and to defend the male-lineage at all costs,” Hideya Kawanishi, a Nagoya University expert on monarchy, told the AP. “They cannot say it’s male chauvinism, so they call it tradition.”
Chizuko Ueno, a prominent feminist and sociologist, recently suggested it was ironic that Japan’s first female prime minister was the one to ensure male-only succession.
Ueno said the new rules “treat male royals as stallions and put female royals under pressure as ‘childbearing machines’ to produce male offspring.”
Japan has had eight empresses descended from the male line in its centuries-long history as a hereditary monarchy. The last woman to reign was Empress Go-Sakuramachi, who sat on the throne from 1762 until 1771, when she abdicated in favor of her nephew.
Female eligibility for the throne was first eliminated in 1890 under the original Imperial House Law.
That change was carried over into the modern Imperial House Law, enacted in 1947, the same year Japan’s new constitution stripped the emperor of governing authority after the country’s defeat in World War II.
Like Britain’s royal family, Japan’s imperial family remains an important national symbol.
