In BANGKOK, President Donald Trump of the U.S. has imposed new tariff rates reaching up to 41% on imports from numerous countries. This move has been met with a mix of reactions. Some countries have expressed a sense of relief after either negotiating a deal or reducing the initially announced rates from April. However, others are feeling disappointed or frustrated due to the lack of time to negotiate new terms before the August 1 deadline set by Trump for reaching agreements with America’s trade partners.

The new tariffs are scheduled to be enforced starting August 7, introducing a level of uncertainty regarding Trump’s subsequent actions. The situation remains ambiguous for China, which has the largest trade surplus with the U.S., especially since recent discussions in Stockholm yielded no agreement. Trump has remained silent on whether he will prolong an August 12 suspension of the heightened import duties on Chinese goods.

The financial markets have shown a subdued response. In Asia, stocks fell with South Korea’s Kospi dropping almost 4% after the tariff was fixed at 15% for this U.S. ally. Meanwhile, the dollar weakened against the yen, surpassing 150 yen to the dollar.

For Canada and Switzerland, regret and disappointment

Canada’s Prime Minister, Mark Carney, expressed disappointment at Trump’s decision to raise tariffs on goods from Canada to 35% from the previous 25%, effective immediately. Additionally, goods that are shipped from unspecified countries face a 40% import tariff.

Trump justified these measures citing insufficient cooperation in preventing drug trafficking across the northern border, criticized Canada’s decision to acknowledge a Palestinian state, and showed frustration over a trade imbalance largely due to U.S. oil imports.

“Canada accounts for only 1% of U.S. fentanyl imports and has been working intensively to further reduce these volumes,” Carney said in a statement.

While many Canadian exports to the U.S. are shielded by the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, and therefore exempt from tariffs, products such as steel, lumber, aluminum, and automobiles remain subjected to even higher tariffs.

Switzerland was reeling after Trump ordered a 39% tariff rate for the land of luxury watches, pharmaceuticals and financial services. That was up from his original proposal of a 31% duty.

“The Federal Council notes with great regret that, despite the progress made in bilateral talks and Switzerland’s very constructive stance from the outset, the U.S. intends to impose unilateral additional tariffs on imports from Switzerland,” the government said in a post on X. It said it would continue to seek a negotiated solution.

Still working on it

New Zealand officials said Friday they would keep lobbying Trump to cut the 15% tariff he announced for their country’s exports to the U.S., up from the original 10% baseline set in April.

“We don’t think this is a good thing. We don’t think it’s warranted,” Trade Minister Todd McClay told Radio New Zealand. The exporter of meat, dairy, wine and farm machinery ran a $1.1 billion trade surplus with the U.S. in 2024, according to U.S. Trade Representative data.

McClay said New Zealand exporters had reported they could absorb a 10% tariff or pass it on to U.S. consumers through increased costs. A further increase would “change the equation,” he said.

Neither New Zealand nor its neighbor Australia have struck tariff deals with the Trump administration. Australian steel and aluminum exports have faced a steep 50% tariff since June.

Australian Trade Minister Don Farrell said the 10% overall tariff on Australia’s exports to the United States was a vindication of his government’s “cool and calm negotiations.” But he said even that level was not justified. The U.S. exports twice as much to Australia as it imports from its bilateral free trade partner, and Australia imposes no tariffs on U.S. exports.

Objecting to a 15% tariff rate, Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Stre told the newspaper VG the Scandinavian country should have “zero tariffs.” He said talks were continuing.

Japan watches, while Taiwan keeps trying for a deal

Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi was cautious in welcoming Trump’s executive order setting Japan’s tariff at 15% after the two sides worked out an agreement, much to Tokyo’s relief.

“We believe it is necessary to carefully examine the details of the measure,” Hayashi said. “The Japanese government will continue to urge the U.S. side to promptly implement measures to carry out the recent agreement, including reducing tariffs on automobiles and auto parts.”

Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te said the self-ruled island had yet to engage in final negotiations with the U.S. side owing to scheduling difficulties and that he was hopeful the final tariff rate would be reduced even further after a final round of talks.

The Trump administration lowered its tariff for Taiwan to 20% from the originally proposed 32%. Taiwan is a key supplier of advanced semiconductors needed for many products and technologies.

“20% from the beginning has not been our goal, we hope that in further negotiations we will get a more beneficial and more reasonable tax rate,” Lai told reporters in Taipei Friday.

The U.S. is Taiwan’s largest ally even though it does not formally recognize the island. “We want to strengthen U.S. Taiwan cooperation in national security, tech, and multiple areas,” Lai said.

For some trading partners, relief that tariffs are lower than they might be

Cambodia’s Deputy Prime Minister Sun Chanthol, who led his nation’s trade talks with the United States, thanked Trump for setting the tariff rate on Cambodian goods at 19% and said his country will impose zero tariffs on American goods.

The rate for Cambodia that Trump proposed in April was 49%, one of the highest in the world. He said the U.S. estimated average Cambodian tariffs on U.S. exports at 97%.

Cambodia has agreed to up purchases of U.S. goods. Sun said it would purchase 10 passenger aircraft from Boeing in a deal they hoped to sign later this month. Several other nations had already announced similar aircraft purchase deals as part of their trade packages.

Trump had threatened to withhold trade deals from Cambodia and Thailand if they didn’t end an armed conflict over border territory. The two nations agreed on a ceasefire that began Tuesday.

Thailand also is subject to a 19% tariff, a rate that its Finance Minister Pichai Chunhavajira said “reflects the strong friendship and close partnership between Thailand and the United States.” That was down from 36% proposed earlier.

“The outcome of this negotiation signals that Thailand must accelerate its adaptation and move forward in building a stable and resilient economy, ready to face global challenges ahead,” he said.

Pakistan welcomed a trade deal that sets a 19% duty on its exports, lower than the initial plan for 29%, saying in a government statement that it was a “balanced and forward-looking approach” that could boost trade and economic growth.

For Bangladesh, a new 20% tariff warded off an earlier threat of a 35% import duty for the South Asian exporter of garments and other light manufactured goods. “That’s good news for our apparel sector and the millions who depend on it,” said Khalilur Rahman, the country’s national security advisor and lead negotiator.

“We’ve also preserved our global competitiveness and opened up new opportunities to access the world’s largest consumer market” Rahman said. “Protecting our apparel industry was a top priority, but we also focused our purchase commitments on U.S. agricultural products. This supports our food security goals and fosters goodwill with U.S. farming states.”