Over the weekend, U.S. forces extracted Nicolás Maduro from Venezuela, sparking intense political debates and raising questions about the legality of his apprehension.
NEW YORK — Ousted Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro appeared in a U.S. courtroom on Monday, facing narco-terrorism charges. These charges, brought by the Trump administration, serve as the basis for his capture and transfer to New York.
In court, Maduro, donning a blue prison outfit, was accompanied by his wife. They arrived around noon for a brief legal session, a mandatory step in what is expected to be a lengthy judicial process to determine the possibility of his trial in the United States. Both wore headsets to follow the proceedings, which were translated from English to Spanish.
Under armed guard, the couple was transported early Monday from their detention in a Brooklyn jail to a courthouse in Manhattan.
The transport operation was efficiently executed. At approximately 7:15 a.m., a motorcade departed the jail, heading to a nearby athletic field. There, Maduro, moving slowly, boarded a helicopter, which then flew across New York harbor to a Manhattan landing site. Upon arrival, he was transferred into an armored vehicle.
Within minutes, the law enforcement convoy was securely inside a garage at the courthouse complex, notably close to the site where Donald Trump faced conviction in 2024 for business-related offenses. Outside the courthouse, police managed a modest but growing crowd of protesters, keeping them separate from a group of pro-intervention demonstrators. Tensions flared briefly when one demonstrator snatched a Venezuelan flag from the hands of those opposing the U.S. actions.
As a criminal defendant in the U.S. legal system, Maduro will have the same rights as any other person accused of a crime — including the right to a trial by a jury of regular New Yorkers. But he’ll also be nearly — but not quite — unique.
Maduro’s lawyers are expected to contest the legality of his arrest, arguing that he is immune from prosecution as a sovereign head of state.
Panamanian strongman Manuel Noriegaunsuccessfully tried the same defense after the U.S. captured him in a similar military invasion in 1990. But the U.S. doesn’t recognize Maduro as Venezuela’s legitimate head of state — particularly after a much-disputed 2024 reelection.
Venezuela’s new interim president, Delcy Rodríguez, has demanded that the U.S. return Maduro, who long denied any involvement in drug trafficking — although late Sunday she also struck a more conciliatory tone in a social media post, inviting collaboration with President Trump and “respectful relations” with the U.S.
Before his capture, Maduro and his allies claimed U.S. hostility was motivated by lust for Venezuela’s rich oil and mineral resources.
The U.S. seized Maduro and his wife in a military operation Saturday, capturing them in their home on a military base. Trump said the U.S. would “run” Venezuela temporarily, but Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Sunday that it would not govern the country day-to-day other than enforcing an existing ” oil quarantine.”
Trump suggested Sunday that he wants to extend American power further in the Western Hemisphere.
Speaking aboard Air Force One, he called Colombia’s president, Gustavo Petro, “a sick man who likes making cocaine and selling it to the United States. And he’s not going to be doing it very long.”
He called on Venezuela’s Rodriguez to provide “total access” to her country, or else face consequences.
Trump has suggested that removing Maduro would enable more oil to flow out of Venezuela, but oil prices rose a bit more than 1% in Monday morning trading to roughly $58 a barrel. There are uncertainties about how fast oil production can be ramped up in Venezuela after years of neglect and needed investments, as well as questions about governance and oversight of the sector.
A 25-page indictment made public Saturday accuses Maduro and others of working with drug cartels to facilitate the shipment of thousands of tons of cocaine into the U.S. They could face life in prison if convicted.
It was unclear as of Sunday whether Maduro had hired a U.S. lawyer yet.
He and his wife, Cilia Flores, have been under U.S. sanctions for years, making it illegal for any American to take money from them without first securing a license from the Treasury Department.
While the indictment against Maduro says Venezuelan officials worked directly with the Tren de Aragua gang, a U.S. intelligence assessment published in April, drawing on input from the intelligence community’s 18 agencies, found no coordination between Tren de Aragua and the Venezuelan government.
Maduro, his wife and his son — who remains free — are charged along with Venezuela’s interior and justice minister, a former interior and justice minister and Hector Rusthenford Guerrero Flores, an alleged Tren de Aragua leader who has been criminally charged in another case and remains at large.
Among other things, the indictment accuses Maduro and his wife of ordering kidnappings, beatings and murders of those who owed them drug money or undermined their drug trafficking operation. That included a local drug boss’ killing in Caracas, the indictment said.
Maduro’s wife is also accused of accepting hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes in 2007 to arrange a meeting between “a large-scale drug trafficker” and the director of Venezuela’s National Anti-Drug Office, resulting in additional monthly bribes, with some of the money going to Maduro’s wife, according to the indictment.
Tucker reported from Washington. Associated Press writers John Hanna in Topeka, Kan., Josh Boak in Washington, Darlene Superville aboard Air Force One and Joshua Goodman in Miami contributed to this report.
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