The recent conviction of a Wisconsin judge has added a new chapter to the ongoing national debate over immigration enforcement. In Milwaukee, a jury found Circuit Judge Hannah Dugan guilty of obstruction for her role in helping a Mexican immigrant evade federal authorities. This verdict underscores the Trump administration’s determined efforts to tighten immigration controls across the nation.

Judge Dugan faced serious charges from federal prosecutors, including obstruction, which is a felony, and concealing an individual to prevent arrest, a misdemeanor. Although the jury acquitted her on the concealment charge, the obstruction conviction alone carries a potential prison sentence of up to five years. The jury reached its decision after six hours of deliberation.

After the verdict was announced, Dugan and her legal team chose not to engage with the media, opting instead for privacy in a conference room.

As detailed in court documents, which include an FBI affidavit and a federal grand jury indictment, the case against Dugan unfolded when immigration agents arrived at the Milwaukee County courthouse on April 18. They were there to apprehend 31-year-old Eduardo Flores-Ruiz, who had illegally reentered the United States and was appearing before Judge Dugan for a state battery case hearing.

Judge Dugan became aware that immigration agents were positioned outside her courtroom, poised to arrest Flores-Ruiz. She confronted the agents, misleading them by stating their administrative warrant was insufficient for an arrest, and instructed them to consult with the chief judge’s office. Her actions have now led to a significant legal consequence, highlighting the complexities and tensions surrounding immigration enforcement in the United States.

Dugan learned that agents were in the corridor outside her courtroom waiting for Flores-Ruiz. She left the courtroom to confront them, falsely telling that their administrative warrant for Flores-Ruiz wasn’t sufficient grounds to arrest him and directing them to go to the chief judge’s office.

While the agents were gone, she addressed Flores-Ruiz’s case off the record, told his attorney that he could attend his next hearing via Zoom and led Flores-Ruiz and the attorney out a private jury door. Agents spotted Flores-Ruiz in the corridor, followed him outside and arrested him after a foot chase. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security announced in November he had been deported.

The case inflamed tensions over Trump’s immigration crackdown, with his administration branding Dugan an activist judge and Democrats countering that the administration was trying to make an example of Dugan to blunt judicial opposition to the operation.

Prosecutors worked during Dugan’s trial to show that she directed agents to the chief judge’s office to create an opening for Flores-Ruiz to escape.

An FBI agent who led the investigation testified that after agents left the corridor, she immediately moved Flores-Ruiz’s case to the top of her docket, told him that he could appear for his next hearing via Zoom and led him out the private door.

Prosecutors also played audio recordings from her courtroom in which she can be heard telling her court reporter that she’d take “the heat” for leading Flores-Ruiz out the back.

Her attorneys countered that she was trying to follow courthouse protocols that called for court employees to report any immigration agents to their supervisors and she didn’t intentionally try to obstruct the arrest team.