Former Mexican drug lord Ismael “El Mayo” Zambada was sentenced Monday to life in prison in a U.S. courtroom, receiving the same punishment imposed seven years earlier on his Sinaloa cartel co-founder, Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán.
The sentence, delivered in Brooklyn federal court, marked the end of a yearslong U.S. effort to capture and prosecute one of the world’s most elusive cartel figures. Zambada was arrested in 2024 after saying he had been kidnapped in Mexico and flown to Texas.
“No one wins in a war like this,” Zambada, 76, told the court through a Spanish-language interpreter. He apologized “for the harm I caused and for the example I set,” and called on younger generations to “choose a different path.”
“If there’s one thing I can say that has value today, it’s this: the violence must end,” the Sinaloa cartel co-founder said. “In Mexico and elsewhere affected by this type of crime, too many lives are lost, too many families are destroyed, and too many young people are trapped in a cycle that leads only to prison or death.”
Federal prosecutors said Zambada ordered torture and plotted killings as he and Guzmán built the Sinaloa cartel into the world’s largest drug trafficking organization. In indictments filed against Zambada in New York and Texas, prosecutors alleged that he and other Sinaloa cartel leaders were responsible for moving enormous quantities of heroin, cocaine, fentanyl and other illegal drugs into the United States.
According to a Justice Department statement, U.S. District Judge Brian Cogan sentenced Zambada in Brooklyn federal court to life in prison without the possibility of parole for his role as a principal leader of a “continuing criminal enterprise” and for racketeering violations.
“Ismael Zambada Garcia spent nearly four decades poisoning American communities to make billions of dollars in profit and ordering the murders of anyone who stood in his way. Today, that chapter closes for good,” U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York Joseph Nocella Jr. said in a statement.
Zambada was widely viewed as the cartel’s strategist and chief dealmaker, with a deeper role in its daily operations than the more flamboyant Guzmán. Guzmán was convicted in 2019 and is serving a life sentence at the federal Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado.
Zambada pleaded guilty in August 2025 after prosecutors said they wouldn’t seek the death penalty. Speaking through a Spanish-language interpreter, he apologized “to everyone who has suffered or been affected by my actions.”
The 76-year-old Zambada has asked that he serve his sentence at a prison hospital. Zambada “contends with a complex of age-related health issues” and “will need ongoing access to medical care,” defense lawyer Frank Perez said in a sentencing memo.
Paul Ratje/REUTERS
Federal prosecutors asked Judge Brian M. Cogan to consider “the serious ongoing security risks” Zambada poses, arguing that some facilities “may not be appropriate for the security concerns posed.”
Judges often make recommendations about where inmates should serve time, but it’s up to the federal Bureau of Prisons to decide.
Zambada “was one of the most-if not the most-prolific and powerful narcotraffickers in the world,” prosecutors said in a sentencing memo. “It would be difficult to overstate the magnitude” of his crimes and the scale of the “corruption, violence, and other harm he spread throughout Mexico, the United States, and the world.”
Along with a life sentence, he also faces $15 billion in financial penalties, which prosecutors said reflected proceeds from the cartel’s crimes under his leadership.
Zambada pleaded guilty to charges of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise and racketeering conspiracy, acknowledging culpability for 85 underlying crimes. From 1980 until last year, he and his cartel were responsible for transporting at least 1.5 million kilograms of cocaine, “most of which went to the United States,” he said upon pleading guilty.
He acknowledged the scope of the Sinaloa operation, including underlings who built relationships with cocaine producers in Colombia, oversaw importing cocaine to Mexico by boat and plane and smuggling the drug across the U.S.-Mexico border. He said the cartel raked in hundreds of millions of dollars a year and admitted that people working for him paid hefty bribes to Mexican officials “so they could operate freely.”
“Systematic assassinations”
Months before his arrest, prosecutors said, Zambada ordered the murder of his nephew Eliseo Imperial Castro, also known as “Cheyo Antrax,” after learning that Castro was claiming to be collecting debts for Zambada and pocketing the money without Zambada’s permission.
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In 2023, at least three people were killed in retaliatory violence that Zambada directed after a large cache of fentanyl pills, methamphetamine and cocaine was stolen from the cartel, prosecutors said.
According to U.S. prosecutors, Zambada also engaged in “systematic assassinations” of fellow cartel members, police and the military.
In 2010, he gave a rare interview to the Mexican magazine Proceso, revealing that the Mexican army had come close to capturing him four times.
Known as the “man in the hat,” Zambada said he feared jail more than death, and his arrest or murder would not change Mexico’s drug trafficking landscape.
Zambada’s arrest came after, according to his lawyer, he was beaten, tied up, abducted and driven to a private plane by one of Guzmán’s sons, Joaquín Guzmán López. Their arrests touched off deadly fighting in Sinaloa that pitted Zambada’s loyalists against backers of Guzmán’s sons, dubbed the Chapitos, or “little Chapos.” According to an indictment by the U.S. Justice Department, the Chapitos and their cartel associates have used corkscrews, electrocution and hot chiles to torture their rivals while some of their victims were “fed dead or alive to tigers.”
In arguing to have Zambada sent to a prison hospital, Perez sought to contrast Zambada’s guilty plea and Guzmán’s decision to go to trial — an 11-week ordeal that involved closing down the Brooklyn Bridge to shuttle him to and from court and jail.
“Mr. Zambada’s unequivocal acceptance of responsibility has been a defining feature of his conduct since his involuntary arrival in the United States,” Perez wrote.
“For Mr. Zambada to end up not only with the same life sentence as Mr. Guzman, but also in the same draconian Supermax prison, would fail to account in any way for the fact that he took the right path in resolving the charges against him,” Perez argued.
Earlier this month, Mexico said it was investigating whether its sovereignty was violated by the U.S. when Zambada was captured after the FBI displayed in an exhibition the plane used to bring Zambada to the U.S. The U.S. Embassy in Mexico had previously said no U.S. agency had participated in the operation, Mexican government secretary Rosa Icela Rodriguez said.
“The versions are contradictory. Someone lied,” she said.
Paul Ratje/REUTERS
contributed to this report.
